Oral Esophageal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Deglutition is what?

A

Swallowing

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2
Q

Odynophagia is what?

A

Painful swallowing

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3
Q

What is a test to measure pressure in the GI tract?

A

Manometry

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4
Q

Which Salivary gland produces all serous fluid?
All mucous fluid?
Mixed?

A
Serous = Parotid
Mucous = Sublingual
Mixed = Submandibular
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5
Q

What is the difference in ionic concentrations of Fast vs. Slow saliva production?

A
Fast = Like plasma, high HCO3- and NaCl
Slow = Very Hypotonic, High K, low NaCl and HCO3-
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6
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of saliva glands acts through which ganglia?

A

Otic –> Parotid gland

Submandibular –> Sublingual and Submandibular Glands

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7
Q

Which NT’s are released by the parasympathetic nervous system and what is there effect on saliva?

A

ACh and VIP
Watery saliva due to vasodilation
Increases HCO3-

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8
Q

Sympathetic NT’s on saliva and what do they do?

A

NE/Epi
Viscous saliva due to vasoconstriction
Stimulate myobroblast contraction

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9
Q

Taste receptors use what type of 2nd messenger?

A

GPCR

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10
Q

What is the digestive function of the nasopharnyx/soft palate?

A

Close off nasal passage and prevent bolus from entering the nasal cavity

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11
Q

What is the digestive function of the oropharynx?

A

Contract to propel the bolus

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12
Q

What happens to the laryngopharynx during swallowing?

A

Relaxes to segregate food and air

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13
Q

What happens to the UES and LES when bolus is present in the esophagus?

A

Both are closed

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14
Q

What muscle relaxes to allow UES to open?

A

Cricopharngeal Muscle

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15
Q

Afferent signals from the esophagus travel in which nerves?

A

CN9 and CN10 (Glossopharyngeal and Vagus nerves)

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16
Q

Efferent signals on the top 1/3 of the esophagus are sent via what type of nerve?
What NT?
What receptor?

A

Somatic Efferent (Skeletal Muscle)
ACh
Nicotinic

17
Q

Efferent signals on the bottom 2/3 of the esophagus are sent via what type of nerve?
What NT?
What receptor?

A

Autonomic Effect (SM)
ACh
Nicotinic and Muscarinic

18
Q

Primary Peristalsis vs. Secondary Peristalsis?

A

Secondary is for something stuck and signals for a stronger contraction.
Secondary Contraction utilizes ONLY SM

19
Q

What NT is released above the bolus in the esophagus?

A

ACh

20
Q

What NT is released below the bolus in the esophagus?

A

VIP/NO

21
Q

What happens to circular muscles above and below the bolus?

A

Contracts above

Relaxes below

22
Q

What happens to longitudinal muscle above and below the bolus?

A

Relaxes above

Contracts below

23
Q

What is necessary for retrograde motion of esophagus (Vomiting)?

A

ONLY need relaxation of UES and LES

24
Q

What controls the tone of the LES?
Which NT causes contraction?
Relaxation?

A

Enteric Nervous Plexus
ACh causes contraction
VIP/NO causes relaxation

25
Q

Main causes of Xerostomia?

A
Sjogrens
Muscarinic antagonists
Antihistamines
Radiation
Dehydration
Sialolithiasis
Diabetic neuropathy
26
Q

Consequences of Xerostomia?

A
Infection
Halitosis
Tooth decay
dysphagia
speech problems
27
Q

Treatment for Xerostomia?

A

Pilocarpine (Musc agonist)

Artificial saliva

28
Q

Achalasia?

A

LES doesn’t relax

29
Q

Achalasia due to loss of which NT?

A

VIP and NO

30
Q

Achalasia TX?

A

Ca blockers
Botulinum toxin
Balloon Dilation
Esophageal Myotomy