Organic Chemistry Chapter 3: Bonding Flashcards
What do quantum numbers describe?
The size, shape, orientation and number of atomic orbitals that an element possesses.
What is the principal quantum number?
Describes the energy level in which an electron resides and indicates the distance from the nucleus to the electron (goes from 1 to infinity)
What is the azimuthal quantum number (l)?
determines the subshell in which an electron resides. Possible numbers are from 0 to n-1
What does l = 0, 1, 2, 3 stand for?
0 = s 1 = p 2 = d 3 = f
what is the magnetic quantum number (ml)?
determines the orbital in which an electron resides. Its possible values range from -l to +l. Different orbitals have different shapes.
What is the shape of an s orbital?
Spherical
What is the shape of a p orbital?
3 dumbell-shaped, one along each axis (x, y, z)
What is the shape of a d orbital?
Flower - 4 petals
What is the spin quantum number (ms)?
Describes the spin of an electron, either +1/2 or -1/2
What are bonding orbitals?
Created by head to head or tail to tail overlap of atomic orbitals that have the same sign and are energetically favorable
What are antibonding orbitals?
Created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of orbitals that have opposite signs and are energetically unfavorable.
What types of bonds do single bonds contain?
Contain sigma bonds with two electrons
What types of bonds do double bonds contain?
one sigma bond and one pi bonds.
Triple bond?
One sigma and two pi bonds
What are sp3 hybridized orbitals?
Have 25% s and 75% p character. form geometry with 109.5 degrees bond strength
