Organic Chemistry Chapter 5: Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general form for alcohols?

A

ROH

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2
Q

What is the suffix/prefix for alcohols?

A

suffix = -OH prefix = hydroxy-

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3
Q

What are phenols?

A

benzene rings with hydroxyl groups. They are named for the relative positions of the hydrxyl groups

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4
Q

What is a ortho-, meta- and para-?

A

Ortho = adjacent Meta = separated by one carbon Para = on opposite side of ring

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5
Q

What properties do Alcohols have?

A

can hydrogen bond, raising their boiling and melting points, also increases their solubility

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6
Q

Why are phenols more acidic than other alcohols?

A

The aromatic ring can delocalize the charge of the conjugate base.

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7
Q

What do electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups groups do to acidity?

A

D - decrease W - increase

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8
Q

How can primary alcohols be oxidized to aldehydes? carboxylic acid?

A

PCC (aldehy) Stronger (carb)

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9
Q

How can secondary alcohols be oxidized to ketones?

A

Any common oxidizing agent

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10
Q

What are the two groups that alcohols can be converted to to make them a better leaving group?

A

Mesylates and tosylates

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11
Q

What is a mesylate?

A

Contains - SO3CH3 Comes from Methnanesulfonic acid

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12
Q

What is a tosylate?

A

Contain -SO3C6H4CH3

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13
Q

Acetal

A
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14
Q

Ketal

A
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15
Q

How can aldehydes and ketones be protected during reactions? How do they get converted back?

A

They are converted to acetals and ketals by reacting with two equivalents of alcohol or dialcohol. They are converted bay by catalytic acid which is called deprotection.

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16
Q

What are quiones?

A

Resonance stabilized electrophiles synthesized through oxidation of phenols.

17
Q

What are two examples of quinones?

A

Vitamin K1 and K2

18
Q

How are hydrozyquinones produced?

A

By the oxidation of quiones

19
Q

What is ubiquinone?

A

Acts as an electron acceptor in complexes 1, 2, 3 of the electron transport chain