Organic Chemistry Chapter 6: Aldehydes and Ketones 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Prefix and suffix for aldehydes

A
  • al and oxo-
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2
Q

Prefix and suffix for ketones

A
  • one and oxo-/keto-
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3
Q

How is the reactivity of a carbonyl defined?

A

polarity of the double bond

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4
Q

What happens in a nucleophillic attack on carbonyl?

A

electrons in pi bond are moved to oxygen

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5
Q

Nucleophillic attack and no good leaving group?

A

remains open and it protonated to form an alcohol

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6
Q

Nucleophillic attack and good leaving group?

A

carbonyl will reform & kick off the leaving group

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7
Q

What happens in hydration?

A

water adds to carbonyl, forming a geminal diol

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8
Q

Alcohol + aldehyde

A

hemiacetal – again = ketal

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9
Q

Alcohol + ketone

A

hemiketal – again = ketal

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10
Q

Nitrogen/nitrogen derivatives + carbonyls

A

imines, oximes, hyrdrazones and semicarbazones

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11
Q

What can oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids?

A

KMnO4, CrO3, Ag2O or H2O2

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12
Q

What can reduce ketones and aldehydes to alcohols?

A

LiAlH4 and NaBH4

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