Ossification and Bone Disease Flashcards Preview

Semester 1- ToB > Ossification and Bone Disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ossification and Bone Disease Deck (15)
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1
Q

What is ‘intramembranous ossification’?

A

New bone made within condensations of mesenchymal tissue and not by replacing hyaline cartilage.

2
Q

Describe the abnormality in someone suffering from Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Autosomal dominant group of heritable disorders of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene for type I collagen.

3
Q

Before puberty, what does

i. ) excessive levels of growth hormone cause?
ii. ) insufficient levels of growth hormone cause?

A

i. ) Gigantism

ii. ) Pituitary Dwarfism

4
Q

In an adult, what does excessive levels of growth hormone cause?

A

Acromegaly (widening of the bones)

5
Q

What happens if a newborn has low levels of thyroid hormone?

A

Cretinism- intellectual damage and short stature

6
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

More bone mass is absorbed than formed so the bones have a loss of mass. They fracture more easily and are weaker.

7
Q

What is the cause of Type 1 osteoporosis?

A

Oestrogen withdrawal in menopausal women

Osteoclast number increases

8
Q

What is the cause of Type II osteoporosis?

A

Lessened osteoblast function due to old age

9
Q

List 4 risk factors of osteoporosis

A
Genetic links
Insufficient calcium intake
Insufficient calcium absorption
Lack of exercise
Smoking
10
Q

What is achondroplasia?

A

The most common form of short-limb dwarfism caused by a autosomal dominant point mutation in the gene for fibroblast growth factor.

11
Q

Describe the process of Vitamin D metabolism

A

Vitamin D from the diet or sunlight

Liver -> Kidney -> (1,25(OH)2 D)

12
Q

How does Vitamin D help the body?

A

Increases calcium absorption in the small bowel and promotes mineralisation of bone

13
Q

What is rickets?

A

A childhood disease where the bones do not harden due to a vitamin D deficiency

14
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

Adult rickets
Caused by a calcium deficiency or lack of Vitamin D
Weakened bone, bone pain, back ache

15
Q

What is ‘Endochondrial ossification’?

A

The replacement of a pre-existing hyaline cartilage template by bone