Overview of Renal Structure and Function Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Overview of Renal Structure and Function Deck (18)
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1
Q

Na+ is restricted to (intracellular or extracellular space)

A

extracellular space

2
Q

What determines the size of the extracellular fluid volume (ECFV)?

A

Total body Na content

3
Q

The ECFV determines …

A

BP and blood volume

4
Q

What determines osmolality?

A

Na

5
Q

How does an inc in total body Na affect the kidneys? (what are the chain of event this sets off?)

A

Na inc causes and inc in osmolarity –> stimulates thirst

Inc water intake stimulates secretion of vasopressin –> tells the kidneys to conserve water

6
Q

What determines the size of total body water?

A

Na

7
Q

What % of the male body is water? female?

A

males: 60%
females: 50%
* diff due to lower skeletal muscle mass

8
Q

What is the major buffer of the ECFV?

A

bicarbonate

9
Q

What is the normal pH of blood ?

A

7.4

10
Q

What minerals does the kidney maintain homeostasis for?

A

Ca, phosphorus, and Mg

11
Q

What waste material does the kidney get rid of?

A

urea (from protein metabolism)
creatinine (from muscle metabolism)
uric acid (from breakdown of nucleic acids)

12
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the kidney?

A

production of

  1. EPO
  2. active form Vit D/calcitrol (1, 25 (OH)2D3)
  3. Renin
  4. Bradykinin
  5. prostaglandins (esp PGI2, PGE2)
  6. endothelial factor (NO, endothelin)
13
Q

PGI2 and PGE2 vasocontrict or vasodilate?

A

vasodilate

14
Q

Endothelin vasocontrict or vasodilate?

A

vasoconstrict

15
Q

Specifically what/where in the kidney makes renin?

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus in the afferent arteriole

16
Q

What is renin?

A

catalytic enzyme that starts off the angiotensin-aldosterone cascade

17
Q

What are the 3 ways the kidney controls BP?

A
  1. homeostasis of Na, H2O, ECFV
  2. control of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis
  3. production of vasodilatory substances
18
Q

What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and what is the kidney’s role with it?

A

-regulates BP
-Kidney makes renin which sets off cascade –>
Angiotensin II is a potent vasocontrictor. Aldosterone promotes Na reabs