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Flashcards in Paeds infections Deck (29)
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1
Q

What does a mumps infection present like? What virus causes it?

A

causes parotid swelling + orchitis. Paramyxovirus

2
Q

What does diptheria present like?

A

grey slough covering tonsils. Gram positive anaerobe

3
Q

How does polio present?

A

disorder of anterior horn cells, affecting lower motor neurones

4
Q

S+S infectious mononucleosis

A
Malaise
Anorexia 
Low grade fever 
Tonsillitis/ pharyngitis 
Lymphadenopathy 
Spleno + hepatomegaly 
Maculopapular rash
5
Q

Blood test results for infectious mononucleosis

A

Increased mononuclear cells
Atypical lymphocytes
Thrombocytopenia
Heterophile antibodies

6
Q

Management of infectious mononucleosis

A

Supportive

DO NOT GIVE AMOXICILLIN

7
Q

Pathology of Kawasaki’s disease

A

Systemic vasculitis

8
Q

S+S of Kawasakis

A
Fever >5 days 
Non-purulent bilateral conjunctivitis 
Red mucous membranes 
Inflamed mouth, cracked lips 
Cervical lymphadenopathy 
Polymorphous rash 
Red palms + soles + peeling
9
Q

Complications of Kawasakis

A

Coronary artery aneurysm leading to myocardial ischaemia

10
Q

Management of Kawasakis

A

IV Immunoglobulin

Aspirin to reduce risk of thrombosis - continue until echo at 6 weeks shows no aneurysm

11
Q

Measles incubation period + organism causing

A

7-12 days

Rubeola virus

12
Q

S+S measles

A

Fever, cough, runny nose
Koplik spots, maculopapular rash
Rash starts behind ears on day 4 then spreads to face + trunk

13
Q

Complications of measles + long term effects of this

A

Encephalitis - occurs about 8 days after onset
S+S = headache, convulsions
Long term effects: deafness, hemiplegia, learning difficulties

Pneumonia
Otitis media

14
Q

Incubation period for rubella

A

15-21 days

15
Q

Pathology of rubella

A

RNA Rubella virus spread by droplet infection

Also called German measles

16
Q

What are the complications of congenital rubella?

A

Malformations in cardiac, ocular, CNS + skeletal system

17
Q

S+S of rubella

A

Headache, conjunctivitis, runny nose, maculopapular rash on face then spreading
Lymphadenopathy

18
Q

Chicken pox incubation period + S+S

A

10-21 days (average 14)
Fever + itchy vesicular rash - mainly on trunk
Lasts 7 days

19
Q

Complications of chicken pox

A

Secondary infection
Necrotising fasciitis
Encephalitis
VZV associated cerebellitis = ataxia + cerebellar signs = resolves within a month

20
Q

Management of chicken pox

A

Fluids, paracetamol, calamine lotion

IV acyclovir if immunocompromised

21
Q

S+S conjunctivitis

A
Purulent discharge (chlamydia + gonorrhoea)
Blepharitis + dendritic ulcers (HSV) 
Red eye, discharge
22
Q

Allergic vs chemical vs viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms

A
Allergic = itchy, swelling, watery discharge
Chemical = neonatal 
Viral = sudden onset, pre-auricular lymphadenopathy, watery discharge 
Bacterial = purulent discharge
23
Q

Conjunctivitis organisms

A

Neonates = chemical (<24hrs), Neisseria gonorrhoea (<1 week), chlamydia (1-2 weeks)
Infants = H influenza, strep pneumoniae
School age = VZV, HSV, viral, allergic

24
Q

Management of conjunctivitis

A

Clean with saline
Neomycin
Gonococcal = cephalosporin
Chlamydia = erythromycin

25
Q

What symptoms do you get with TORCH infections at birth?

A

Jaundice, microcephaly, seizures, encephalitis

26
Q

What does the coxsackie virus cause?

A

Hand foot mouth

27
Q

What is hand foot syndrome?

A

Complication of sickle cell

28
Q

What do schisctocytes indicate?

A

HUS

29
Q

What are the S+S of viral encephalitis + how do you diagnose it?

A

Focal neuro signs, focal seizures, reduced level of consciousness
CSF w/ PCR