Paraman's CH4 weakpoints Flashcards
Alcohol to Haloalkane
Reagents
Conditions
KBr solid/H₂SO₄ liquid
Forms HBr in situ
for Nucleophilic Substitution of -OH
KBr/H₂SO₄ what for?
Alcohol to Haloalkane
Forms HBr in situ
Test to distinguish between
Phenylamine
and
Ethylamine
HNO₂ (made in situ with HNO₃ and KNO₃) react with each below 10℃
Ethylamine forms gas (N₂)
puts out flame so not O₂ or H₂
doesn’t turn limewater cloudy so not CO₂
Draw Nylon 6,6
(-CO(CH₂)₄CONH(CH₂)₆NH-)n
Draw Nylon 6
(-CONH(CH₂)₅-)n
Whats the difference between primary and secondary alcohols?
Primary alcohols are made of a -OH group attached to a carbon with 2 hydrogens attached
Secondary OH group attached to Carbon with 1 hydrogen attached
What are uses for ethanoic anhydride?
Used to make Aspirin
Asan Acylating Agent
Cellulose
Acetate
Explain Recrystalisation
Its a method used to purify a solid from it’s SOLVENT
e.g. water or ethanol
- First dissolve the solid in a minimum volume of HOT solvent
- If there is any solid undissolved filter over boiling solvent which will remove any impurity
- Cool the solution to allow the solid to crystallise
- Filter under suction (using vacuum pump)
- Dry to constant mass
(To check purity compare mpt to data book, if impure melts over a range of temps/at a lower temp)
Why wouldn’t you use benzene and use a methyl benzoate or something instead?
Benzene is too hazardous
Methyl Benzoate is less toxic
Nitration of benzene
Reagents
Conditions
Conc HNO₃
Conc H₂SO₄
60℃
Electrophile = NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion)
Nitrobenzene to amino benzene
Reagents
Conditions
Tin
Conc HCl
heat under reflux
End up with phenylammonium ions C₆H₆NH₃⁺
Then NaOH added to get
C₆H₅NH₂ + H₂O
Draw mechanism of HCN + carbonyl
Look in book
Draw nitration of benzene
And give reagents and conditions
Look in book
