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Flashcards in Parkinsons Deck (9)
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1
Q

What are the characteristic movement features of someone with ‘Parkinsonism’

A

Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Tremor
Gait instability

2
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal and often repetitive movements, postures or both

3
Q

Describe the tremor seen in Parkinson’s Disease

A
Initially unilateral
Pill-roll
4-7Hz
Resting tremor
Reduces on movement
4
Q

List some clinical features seen in Parkinson’s Disease

A
Tremor
Cogwheel rigidity
Bradykinesia
Reduced facial expression (hypomimia)
Reduced spontaneous blinking
Festinant gait ('shuffling')
Reduced arm swing
Non-motor features: Anosmia, anxiety, depression, reduction in cognitive function, sleep disturbance autonomic dysfunction (postural hypotension, urinary incontinence, constipation, etc.)
5
Q

List some features of progressive supra nuclear palsy

A
Early postural instability
Vertical gaze
Falls
Rigidity affects trunk > limbs
Symmetrical onset
Speech difficulty
Swallowing problems
6
Q

What are the pathological features of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Loss of dopamine containing neurons in the substantial nigra
Lewi bodies
Alpha-synuclein mid folding causing cell death

7
Q

List some drugs which might be responsible for drug-induced Parkinsonism

A

Anti-emetics
Calcium channel blockers
Anti-psychotics

8
Q

What is the treatment for Parkinson’s?

A

Levodopa alongside peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor e.g. Sinemet or Madopar
Dopamine agonists e.g. Ropinerole, pramipexole, rotigotine, bromocriptine, amantadine, apomorphine

9
Q

List some types of Parkinson’s Plus syndromes

A
Vascular Parkinson's
Lewy body dementia
Corticobasal degeneration
Multi-system atrophy
Progressive supra nuclear palsy