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Flashcards in Part 4 Deck (12)
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1
Q

How do you calculate a + post test probability?

A

Pretest prob x LR+

2
Q

How do you calculate a - post test probability?

A

Pretest prob x LR-

3
Q

What is the ability of an experiment to show that the explanatory variables actually caused the observed changes in the outcome variables?

A

Internal Validity

4
Q

What are the threats to internal validity?

A
History 
Reliability of Measures
Mortality
Maturation
Regression to the Mean
5
Q

How is history a threat to IV?

A

Patient is exposed to a historic event and it affects the results.

6
Q

How is reliability of measures a threat to IV?

A

Unreliable measures can invalidate a study

7
Q

How is mortality a threat to IV?

A

Drop outs create unequal groups

8
Q

How is maturation a threat to IV?

A

Changes that occur in a study, study patients as time passes that is not caused by explanatory variables

9
Q

How is regression to the mean a threat to IV?

A

Extreme scores at the beginning of a study that migrate toward the mean as time passes

10
Q

What is another term for external validity?

A

Generalizability

11
Q

What is the extent to which results of a study are applicable to other populations, other settings and when implemented under different circumstances?

A

External Validity

12
Q

What is the measure of the effect of a specific treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but doesn’t necessary have a guaranteed relationship?

A

Surrogate Outcome Measures