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Repro > PASSMEDICINE > Flashcards

PASSMEDICINE Flashcards

1
Q

Pregnant 22 yr/o admitted with preterm pre-ruptured membrane with

  • abdominal pain
  • uterine contractions
  • flu like symptoms
  • fever
  • foul smelling discharge

What does she have?

A

chorioamnionitis

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2
Q

What is chorioamnionitis

A

Ascending urinary tract infection which can turn expose the sterile placenta to pathogens.

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3
Q

what is the worse case scenario for chorioamnionitis?

How is it managed?

A

Worse case scenario is pre-term rupturing of membranes.

Managed by:

  • emergency delivery
  • IV antibiotics
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4
Q

most common cause of neonatal sepsis?

A

Group B streptococci

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5
Q

What manouvre is used to deal with shoulder dystocia once identified?

A

Macroberts manœuvre

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6
Q

Gravida and parity meaning?

A

Gravida? number of times someone has been pregnant regardless of outcome
Parity: number of times foetus has reached gestational age but pregnancy was not brought to completion

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7
Q

How do you treat urge incontinence?

A

Bladder retraining

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8
Q

How do you treat stress incontinence?

A

Pelvic floor muscle training

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9
Q

what is the function of HcG?

A

Maintains the corpus luteum’s secretion of oestrogen and progesterone until the placenta takes over this role.

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10
Q

what is the function of oestrogen and progesterone in pregnancy?

A

Oestrogen: This stimulates the growth of the myometrium needed for strong uterine musculature during labour.

Progesterone: This is a smooth muscle relaxant during pregnancy (when it is necessary to suppress contractions).

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11
Q

what is pregnancy test also known as?

A

Urinary Beta Hcg

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12
Q

which type of breast cancer has the highest risk of spread to the contralateral breast?

A

Lobular carcinoma

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13
Q

Woman bleeds 500ml after vaginal delivery- she is multiparous- what is the most likely reason?

A

Uterine atopy - most common cause of PPH

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14
Q

what is the greatest risk from HRT?

A

Stroke

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15
Q

Most common benign breast condition in a 22yo.

Smooth lump, not attached to skin, does not look like a carcinoma?

A

Fibroadenoma

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16
Q

Most common cause of epidydimitis in a male over 35?

A

E.coli

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17
Q

What is there a fall in a neonate

A
  • Pulmonary vascular resistance due to expansion of the lungs and blood vessels
  • Flow from the PA to the aorta- closure of the PDA
  • Direct flow from RA to LA- closure of the Foramen oval
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18
Q

How does HCG work?

A
  • Glycoprotein
  • produced steadily in first three months of pregnancy then declines
  • It acts on the ovaries to maintain the CL
  • It is formed in the chorion of the developing embryo
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19
Q

Sequence of events in the development of young girls during puberty?

A
  • Increased secretion of hormones - particularly LH
  • Adrenarche: production of adrenal hormone problems- causes acne, hirtuism, body odour- 9/10
  • Gonadarche - breast budding- about 11
  • Menarche
  • Growth spurt: mid way through puberty
20
Q

what does the sperm release to prevent polyspermy once an egg has been fertilised?

A

Calcium ions

21
Q

which hormone stimulates the contraction of the mammary glands and the release of milk through the nipple?

A

Oxytocin- stimulated by the baby suckling on the nipple

22
Q

Which hormone receptor is found on the theca cells?

A

LH receptors

23
Q

Why do urea and creatinine fall during pregnancy?

A

Due to increased renal perfusion- removes

Increased plasma volume- dilutes

24
Q

Which alters during pregnancy: SBP or DBP? when does it alter?

A

DBP- alters during the 1st/2nd trimester and returns to normal in the third

25
Q

Which hormone stimulates the increase in TV during pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

26
Q

What does progesterone affect during pregnancy?

A

Increases TV, Increases uterus size, , decreases BP, Urethral dilatation, Bladder relaxation, biliary stasis

27
Q

What do granulosa cells produce and what does this do during implantation?

A

They produce estradiol which helps with implantation of the embryo e.g. cervical mucous development , endometrial maintanence

28
Q

what produces bHCG?

A

THE PLACENTA

29
Q

What are the functions of progesterone during pregnancy?

A
  • During the first 2 weeks stimulates the fallopian tube to secrete all the nutrients which the zygote may require
  • Inhibits uterine contraction
  • Stimulates the development of breasts
30
Q

How does progesterone inhibit uterine contraction?

A
  • Secretion of prolactin

- Reducing sensatisation of oxytocin

31
Q

what is the name of contractions which occur before prgnancy?

A

Braxton hicks contractions

32
Q

Other than vomiting what are other features in keeping with hyperemesis gravid arum?

A
  • hyperolfaction
  • Hypersalivation
  • Weight loss
  • Dizziness.
33
Q

First step in managing shoulder dystocia?

A

Mc Roberts manoeuvre

34
Q

what does a macroberts manoeuvre entail?

A

flexion and abduction of the mothers hips

bringing the mother’s thighs towards her abdomen.

35
Q

How long does it take the progesterone only pill do become active?

A

48 hours

36
Q

Where do you most commonly get breast lumps? In terms of quadrants?

A

Upper lateral

37
Q

Until what week should women take folic acid?

A

Week 12

38
Q

What are some examples of folic acid deficiency?

A
  • methotrexate
  • Phenytoin
  • Pregnancy
  • XS alcohol
39
Q

What’s the main form of action of COCP

A

Inhibiting ovulation

40
Q

How does the rod work?

A

Inhibits ovulation

41
Q

How does the Intrauterine copper device work?

A

Inhibits sperm motility and survival

42
Q

How Does the POP work?

A

Thickens cervical mucus

43
Q

How does injectable progesterone work?

A

Primary: Inhibits ovulation
Also: thickens cervical mucus

44
Q

How does levogester IUD work?

A

Prevents endometrial proliferation by reducing the release of progesterone

45
Q

Differences in presentation between placenta praaevia and placenta abruption.

A

Bleeding in PP is usually bright red and painless

Bleeding in PA is usually dark red and panful.

Repro (40 decks)

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