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Toxicology > Past q 09.12.15 > Flashcards

Past q 09.12.15 Flashcards

1
Q

Which substances or group of substances causes depression, ataxia, or a ‘narcotic-like’ effect?

A

Phenocyacetic acid derivatives

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2
Q

Which clinical signs are caused in horse by bee or wasp venom?

A

Both
 Frenzy
 Icterus

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3
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Blue star?

A

Both
 Mydriasis
 Hypotension

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4
Q

Which animal species is the most sensitive to dioxin?

A

Guinea-pig

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5
Q

What are the gross pathological signs in methylxanthine toxicosis?

A

Both
 Congestion of parenchymal organs
 Gastroenteritis

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6
Q

What are the gross pathological findings in sulphur dioxide toxicosis?

A

Both
 Lung oedema, lung emphysema
 Signs of asphyxia

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7
Q

What is the most frequent cause of teratogenic alterations?

A

Unknown origin multifactorial causes

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8
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to dithlocarbamates?

A

Mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and embryotoxic.

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9
Q

What are the gross pathological findings in chlorine gas toxicosis?

A

Both
 Lung oedema
 Severe inflammation of the conjunctiva and the mucous membranes

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10
Q

Which compound is found in the poison of poison-arrow frogs?

A

Batrachotoxin

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute lindane toxicosis?

A

Excitation, aggressivity, convulsions

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12
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by cationic detergents?

A

Both
 Neutralisation
 DilutionBoth

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13
Q

Which process is lethal synthesis?

A

Both
 The metabolism of diazinon to diazoxon.
 Oxalic acid is produced from ethylene glycol.

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14
Q

Which statement is true?

A

The high calcium content of feed can reduce the absorption of certain compounds.

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15
Q

Which clinical sign is not characteristic to ethylene glycol toxicosis?

A 
Icterus
Characteristic:
 Tremors, convulsions
 Vomiting
 Depression
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16
Q

This method is routinely used to enhance urinary elimination of toxic…:

A

Ringer lactate intravenously

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17
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic to mercury?

A

Binds to the sulfhydryl groups of proteins

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18
Q

The most toxic substance among these:

A

Dioxine

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19
Q

Which clinical signs are cause by nitrate-nitrite?

A

Both
 Tachypnoe followed by dyspnoea
 The colour of blood is chocolate brown

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20
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to metaldehyde?

A

Both
 Severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tract
 Decreasing the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synapses

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21
Q

Which antidote is a chelating agent?

A

Both
 Defenoxamine
 D-penicillamine

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22
Q

What is characteristic to the toxicokinetics of endosulphan?

A

Quick penetration through the blood brain barrier

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23
Q

Which clinical signs are caused in dog by bee or wasp venom?

A

Both
 Facial oedema
 Haemolytic anemia

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24
Q

Which is characteristic to urea?

A

Both
 In an alkaline milieu, the released ammonia is present mainly in its non-ionic form,
 Ammonia released from it is detoxified via urea cycle in the liver.

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25
Q

Which statement is true of the allergic effect?

A

The allergic effects are independent of the dose.

26
Q

Which plant has a hallucinogenic effect?

A

Blue star

27
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to sulphur dioxide?

A

Neither

Neither Stimulates the receptors of glomum caroticum nor Inhibits respiratory enzymes.

28
Q

Which antidote cannot be used in arsenic toxicosis?

A 
Deferoxamine
Can be used:
 D-penicillamine
 Na thiosulphate
 Dimercaprol
29
Q

Which mould fungi produces ochratoxins?

A

Aspergillus spp.

30
Q

What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of trichothecenes?

A

They are not accumulated in the body.

31
Q

Which plants cause hepatogenous photosensitivity?

A

Groundsel spp.

32
Q

When can hydrogen sulphide be formed?

A

Decomposition of sulphur-containing organic compounds.

33
Q 
The metabolism of which compound or class of compounds can result in release of carbon
disulphide?
A

Dithiocarbamates

34
Q

What are the clinical signs of Formica spp. bites?

A

Local pain

35
Q

What is the consequence if a xenobiotic binds to the components of the blood?

A

The rate of excretion is reduced

36
Q

Which is not a clinical feature of metaldehyde poisoning?

A 
 Behavioural disturbances
Clinical features:
 Tachypnoe, dyspnoea
 Paddling movements
 Opisthothonus
37
Q

From an aspect of membrane transport which property of the xenobiotic is important?

A

Both
 The degree of ionisation
 The size of molecule

38
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Gloriosa lily spp.?

A

Both
 Numbness of lip, tongue, throat
 Haemorrhages, myelosupression

39
Q

Vitamin B1 is useful in:

A

Both
 Horsetail poisoning
 Bracken fern poisoning

40
Q

Which is a clinical feature of metaldehyde poisoning?

A

Both
 Paddling movements
 Opisthotonus

41
Q

What is characteristic to bipyridyl derivatives?

A

Both
 They are eliminated with the urine within 48 hours
 In contact with soil they become soil-bound which is followed by fast degradation

42
Q

What are the clinical signs in acute poisoning by Buckwheat?

A

Both
 Trembling
 Hemolysis

43
Q

Which statement is true for methyxanthines?

A

In higher doses mainly the central nervous system and the kidney are damaged

44
Q

Which clinical feature is characteristic to chlorine gas toxicosis?

A

Both
 Lacrimation, coughing
 Lung oedema

45
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Both
 The most sensitive organs to arsenic are the intestine, the kidney and the liver, the most sensitive tissue
is the capillary endothelium
 Lead is incorporated into the bones during the distribution as tertiary lead phosphate

46
Q

What is characteristic to phenoxyacetic acid derivatives?

A

Both
 Moderately toxic substances
 Can increase the nitrate and cyanoglycoside content of plants

47
Q

Which antidote is used in zinc toxicosis?

A

Both
 D-penicillamine
 Calcium disodium EDTA

48
Q

What kind of chronic toxic effects are characteristic to organochlorines?

A

Teratogenicity, estrogen-like effect, thinning of eggshells

49
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic to anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

Block vitamin K epoxide reductase

50
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by butterfly toxins?

A

Coughing, sneezing

51
Q

Which disease results from acute poisoning by Solanum spp.?

A

Both
 Gastric form
 Nervous system type

52
Q

Which compound damaged selectively the cell membrane through the ion channel?

A

Organochlorine

53
Q

Which antibiotic is prohibited in hamsters?

A 
Lincomycin
Not prohibited:
 Criprofloxacin
 Enrofloxacin
 Cephalexin
54
Q

Which is a clinical feature of NSAID toxicosis?

A

Both
 Behavioural disturbances
 Lung oedema

55
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute lidane toxicosis?

A

Excitation, aggressivity, convulsions

56
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic to arsenic?

A

Binds to the sulfhydrid groups of proteins

57
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Daffodil spp.?

A

Severe gastrointestinal and in high dose cardiovascular symptoms

58
Q

Which clinical signs are characteristic to urea poisoning?

A

Both
 Excitation
 Toddling movement, kicking to abdomen

59
Q

Which plant is known to interfere with bioavailability?

A

Sudan grass

60
Q

What is the mechanism of effect of carbamates?

A

Reversible inhibitors of Acetylcholine esterase

61
Q

Which species belong to the field containing mould fungi?

A

Fusarium spp.

Toxicology (8 decks)

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