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Flashcards in Past q 2 Deck (53)
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1
Q

Na concentration?

A

140-150 mmol/L

2
Q

What is true?

A

Genetic diseases are always congenital

3
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

Softening of bones, typically due to a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium

4
Q

What is wrong about starvation?

A

Is not a storage disorder

5
Q

Low iron in piglets is caused by:

A

Poor iron stores

6
Q

What is true?

A

Vomiting cause alkalosis

7
Q

Increased acid

A

Causes increased anion gap

8
Q

Liver enzymes increase in:

A

Liver malfunction

9
Q

Which is correct?

A

Congenital defect in growth hormone leads to dwarfism

10
Q

Renal osteopathy:

A

Mineral mobilization from bones

11
Q

Apoptosis in embryo:

A

Forms cavities and fingers

12
Q

What is not correct?

A

Vitamin E and Se cause encephalomalatica

13
Q

Incorrect statement about free radicals:

A

Saturated fats are more susceptible

14
Q

Sub-ileus:

A

Lumen is partially occluded or blocked

15
Q

Paralytic ileus:

A

Blockage of intestine due to paralysis of the intestine

16
Q

Leukotriene’s:

A

Eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes. Regulate the immune responses is to trigger contractions in the smooth muscles lining the bronchioles; their overproduction is a major cause of inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis

17
Q

Blood brain barrier:

A

Slow diffusion - glucose, VFA, amino acids, antibiotics
Fast diffusion - CO2, O2, drugs, anesthetics narcotics, non-polar + small molecules like urea
No diffusion - HCO3-, albumin, ammonia

18
Q

B12 deficiency:

A

Macrocytic. NORMO-chromic

19
Q

What is allodynia?

A

Allodynia is a clinical feature of many painful conditions. Such as neuropathies, complex regional pain syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and migraine. Allodynia may also be caused by some populations of stem cells used to treat nerve damage including spinal
cord injury

20
Q

Impulse formative disorder

A

Tetany, convulsion

21
Q

Lactobacilli, when do they overgrow?

A

In case of cytolytic vaginosis. Leads to acidity and irritation

22
Q

In case of frothy bloat. What helps the animal?

A

Antifoaming agent

23
Q

Fatty liver. Disturbances in gluconeogenesis and..?

A

Decreased transport of lipoprotein production (e.g. VLDL)

24
Q

LMN

A

Also called lower motor neuron. For voluntary movement of eyes, tongue, face “ vocalization, swallowing and chewing

25
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Decreased size of the muscle, partial or complete wasting away a part of the body

26
Q

What is hypotonia?

A

Decreased tone of the muscle, “floppy baby syndrome”

27
Q

Vitamin E is an?

A

Antioxidant: against free radical, prevent LDL formation, anticoagulant and prevent oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid

28
Q

Ions in the extra-cellular space:

A

Cations: Na+ and Ca2+ // Anions: Cl- and HCO3

29
Q

Cats regarding bilirubin. What is special about it?

A

Cats tend more to have Bilirubinuria

30
Q

What is a not a “production disorder”?

A

Starvation

31
Q

What stimulate gastric acid production?

A

Gastrin, Acetylcholine and Histamine (and ghrelin)

32
Q

What is vitium?

A

A fault, defect or vice.

33
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

The death of cells, which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or
development

34
Q

Diabetes insipidus. Does ADH decrease or increase?

A

ADH decrease

35
Q

Lipids in cell membrane?

A

Phospholipids, Sphingomyelin and Glycolipids

36
Q

Where is vitamin E an anti-oxidant?

A

Inside the cell membrane

37
Q

Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological disorder?

A

Quantitative disorder

38
Q

Clinical sign of hematological disorder?

A

Patechia, ecchymosis, hematoma, hemothorax, hemoperitoneum and hemopericardium

39
Q

How do you measure APTT?

A

Intrinsic pathway: silicon dioxide as activator

40
Q

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathway?

A

Intrinsic: APTT // Extrinsic: PT // Common: TT, everything increase

41
Q

When is UBG found in urine?

A

Pre hepatic and hepatic icterus

42
Q

Which disease doesn’t occur in this state?

A

White muscle disease

43
Q

Portosystemic shunt, when does it occur?

A

Intrahepatic - often in large breed dogs

44
Q

Heart stops in systole or diastole in some compulsory state.

A

Diastole

45
Q

Shock enzyme of the liver?

A

AST and ALT increase

46
Q

Gastric mucosal barriers

A

Epithelial cells, mucous secretion and layer of bicarbonate ions

47
Q

What is true about free radicals?

A

It is a highly reactive and unstable molecule; they will stabilize by stealing/receiving an electron from a nearby molecule

48
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease; what is true?

A

Congenital, factor 8

49
Q

Uricosis/gout which one is correct

A

Uric acid precipitates around blood vessels and joints

50
Q

Frothy bloat of a cow is developed

A

It is caused when feed is concentrates (high in protein and lipids
Always acute, life threatening condition

51
Q

Hoflund ́s syndrome

A

Clinical sign: bloat // Cause: foreign body in the reticulum causing reticulo-peritonitis

52
Q

Dalmatian and gout, what is false?

A

Allantoin cannot turn to uric acids

53
Q

Frothy bloat on the cow and the ions involved

A

Calcium and Phosphate increase