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Pathology > Path 2 - Final > Flashcards

Path 2 - Final Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulation of excessive CSF in the ventricular system of the brain is known as?

A

Hydrocephalus

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2
Q

Where is CSF produced? How much is produced daily?

A

Choroid Plexus

500 ml

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3
Q

What is the pathway for CSF flow through the brain?

A 
Lateral Ventricle
3rd Ventricle
Through Interventricular Foramina of Monroe 
through Cerebral Aqueduct 
4th Ventricle 
Than outside Ventricular system through 3 openings:
- Lateral Apertures of Von Luschka (2)
- Median Aperture (Foramen Magendie) (1)
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4
Q

What structure in the brain absorbs the CSF

A

Arachnoid Granulations

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5
Q

No restriction of communication between ventricular system and the outside of CSF flow is known as?

A

Communicating Hydrocephalus

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6
Q

T or F

Meningitis is an example of Communicating Hydrocephalus

A

True

Meningitis = swelling and decreased absorption leads to communicating hydrocephalus.

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7
Q

Obstruction with no communication of CSF flow is known as?

A

Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

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8
Q

Craniopharyngioma is a cause of communicating or non-communicating hydrocephalus?

A

Non-communicating

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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Increased ICP

A

HA
Nausea
Vomitting
Papilledema - swelling of optic disc

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10
Q

Physical loss of brain tissue mass with no decrease of space b/c of skull is describing…

A

Brain Atrophy Diseases

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11
Q

Give examples of Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo discussed in lecture.

A
  1. Huntington’s Disease

2. Alzeimer’s Disease

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12
Q

What neurons are affected in Huntington’s Disease

A

Striatal (midbrain) neurons

* results in enlarged ventricles.

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13
Q

What are the 3 major categories of CVD

A
  1. Parenchymal injuries associated with a generalized decrease in blood flow.
  2. Infarction
  3. Hemorrhages
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14
Q

What category of CVD is least occurring? The most?

A

Least = Parenchymal injuries associated with generalized decrease in blood flow

Most = Infarction (Ischemic Stroke)

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15
Q

Do most Hemorrhagic strokes occur in the epidural or subarachnoid space?

A

Subarachnoid

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16
Q

What disease manifests into Lacunar Infarction

A

Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis

17
Q

Common sites for blood flow obstruction to occur leading to a stroke are where?

A

Bifurcations of arteries

  • C5 where common carotid divides
  • Where internal carotid divides too
18
Q

What artery in the brain is the most susceptible/vulnerable for obstruction?

A

Middle Cerebral

19
Q

“Global Hypoxic-Ischemic encephalopathy” falls under what major category of CVD

A

Generalized reduction in blood flow

20
Q

Ischemic stroke is commonly caused by?

A

Atherosclerosis

21
Q

Ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis are commonly complicated by?

A

Thrombosis

22
Q

What artery supplies 2/3rd of the brain’s blood?

A

Internal Carotid

23
Q

When an ischemic stroke happens what type of necrosis develops?

A

Liquefactive

24
Q

What is the second MC cause of Ischemic Stroke

A

Thrombo-embolism

25
Q

T or F

The major source of thrombo-emboli are from the left side of the the heart

A

True

*Bacterial endocarditis is also a source of thrombo-emboli

26
Q

What is amaurosis fugax?

A
  • A common manifestation of TIA

- Temporary UNILATERAL loss of vision due to temporary thrombosis of the ophthalmic artery.

27
Q

What are the two types of Hemorrhagic strokes?

A
  1. Intracerebral (aka parenchymal, aka hypertensive hemorrhagic stroke)
  2. Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Stroke
28
Q

Subarachnodi Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for what percent of CVD

A

15%

29
Q

T or F

Berry aneurysms are bigger than 1 cm

A

False

no more than 1 cm

30
Q

T or F

Parenchymal/Intracerebral/Hypertensive Stroke may result in Non-communicating Hydrocephalus

A

True

31
Q

What is an aka for Secular Aneurysms

A

Berry Aneurysms

32
Q

What are the size of Giant Aneurysms?

A

5-7 cm

33
Q

Meningeal arteries are located where?

A

Epidural Space

- between dura mater and cranial wall

Pathology (6 decks)

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