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Path Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclear rupture is known as?

A

Karyolysis

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2
Q

Nuclear swelling is known as?

A

Karyorrhexis

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3
Q

Nuclear condensation is known as?

A

Pyknosis

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4
Q

What type of collagen is seen in new wound healing?

A

Type 3

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5
Q

What type of collagen is seen in the vertebral disc?

A

Type 2

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6
Q

What type of collagen is seen in the basement membrane?

A

Type 4

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7
Q

Coagulative necrosis is associated with what?

A

Infarction (MI)

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8
Q

Liquectafactive necrosis is associated with what?

A

CNS

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9
Q

What type of pneumoconiosis is known as rock quarry disease and sandblasters are at risk?

A

Silicosis

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10
Q

What pneumoconiosis is associated with breathing in iron dust?

A

Siderosis

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11
Q

What type of pneumoconiosis is associated with inhaling cotton dust and is known as “brown lung” ?

A

Byssinosis

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12
Q

Anthracosis + RA = ?

A

Caplans syndrome

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13
Q

What is sometimes called Ohio valley fever or Mississippi valley fever?

A

Histomycosis/histoplasmosis

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14
Q

What is the name of endemic fungus of deserts in the southwest (san joaquin valley fever) ?

A

Coccidiomycosis

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15
Q

What is the name of an endemic fungus found on the eastern seaboard ( from Florida to nova scotia) ?

A

Blastomycosis

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16
Q

Crushmanns spirals Charcot Leyden crystals are associated with what condition?

A

Asthma

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17
Q

People with Cystic fibrosis are susceptible to what?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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18
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis is know as what?

A

Honeycomb lung

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19
Q

If vertebra collapse from TB what is it called?

A

Gibbus deformity

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20
Q

Emphysema is caused by a deficiency in what?

A

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

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21
Q

Protease/antiprotease theory is associated with what?

A

Emphysema

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22
Q

What are kidney stones most commonly made of ??

A

Calcium oxalate

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23
Q

What renal disease gives a moth eaten appearance?

A

Polycysitc kidney disease

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24
Q

A nephroblastoma is associated with what kidney disease?

A

Wilms tumor

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25
Q

What virus is implicated in cervical cancer?

A

HPV 16

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26
Q

What is the most common cause of testicular cancer?

A

Seminoma

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27
Q

What is a tumor of smooth muscle ?

A

Liomyoma

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28
Q

What are the 5 congenital signs of syphilis ?

A

Hutchinsons teeth (notched), Rhagades (fissures on mouth), Saddle nose, Saber blade tibia, Interstital keratitis. (Deafness can also be associated with syphilis but not always)

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29
Q

What is the Simone associated with primary syphilis ?

A

HARD singular painless nodule (chancre)

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30
Q

What is the symptom of secondary syphilis?

A

Maculopapular rash and condylomata lata

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31
Q

What are symptoms on tertiary syphilis ?

A

Tabes dorsalis, gummas, roth bodies, argyle Roberson pupil (does not react to light but does on accommodation”)

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32
Q

What organism causes Chancroid (painful chancre) ?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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33
Q

Skip lesions are associated with what condition?

A

Crohns

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34
Q

What sided problem is crohns ?

A

Right

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35
Q

What is the most common cause of death for children worldwide?

A

Enteritis

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36
Q

Infant projectile vomiting is associated with what?

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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37
Q

Ulcerative colitis is a what sided problem ?

A

Left

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38
Q

What is associated with blood diarrhea and has “lead pipe rigidity?

A

Ulcerative colitis

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39
Q

What is the name of protein malnutrition disorder?

A

Kwashiorkor

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40
Q

What is caloric malnutrition including protein?

A

Marasmus

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41
Q

Outpouching of the esophagus is called what?

A

Zenkers diverticulum

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42
Q

Telescoping of the intestine onto itsel, can be caused by the rotavirus vaccine is associated with what?

A

Intussusception

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43
Q

What is the most common cause of frank red blood in the stool?

A

Hemorrhoids

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44
Q

What is the name for congenital mega colon?

A

Hirschprungs

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45
Q

Polyposis characaterized by polyps in the entire GI tract?

A

Peutz jegher

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46
Q

What is decreased ADH due to posterior pituitary problem?

A

Diabetes insipidus

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47
Q

Decreased production of insulin by beta cells of the pancreas is associated with what?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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48
Q

Diabetes mellitus’ first symptom is first observed where?

A

The eyes

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49
Q

In ALS what is affected and what isn’t?

A

Anterior horn and corticospinal tracts are, no sensory loss

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50
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles and decrease in acetyl choline are associated with what?

A

Alzheimer’s

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51
Q

What is the brain tumor with the best prognosis and is most common

A

Astrocytoma

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52
Q

What brain tumor is most common in the CNS?

A

Glioma

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53
Q

What is the most dangerous brain tumor ?

A

Glioblastoma multiform

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54
Q

What brain tumor is the slowest growing?

A

Oligodendroglioma

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55
Q

What is the most common cause of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Schwannoma

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56
Q

What disease is associated with cafe au lait spots “coast of California appearance”?

A

Neurofibromatosis

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57
Q

What leads to pain and temp loss with a cape like distribution of pins and needles.

A

Syringomyelia

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58
Q

What kind of lesion is polio associated with?

A

LMNL

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59
Q

What is associated with a starry sky appearance, seen in African children’s, and can be because of the epstein barr virus ?

A

Burketts lymphoma

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60
Q

What benign tumor gives a “ground glass” appearance and has cafe au lait sports in the shape of the coast of maine?

A

Fibrous dysplasia

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61
Q

What is a “eccentric” benign bone tumor sometimes referred to as a blister of bone?

A

Aneurismal bone cyst (ABC)

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62
Q

An endochondroma (Olliers disease) is associated with what syndrome

A

Maffuci syndrome

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63
Q

What is the most common breast tumor?

A

Fibroadenoma (associated with estrogens)

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64
Q

What is the most common primary liver cancer?

A

Hepatocellular liver cancer

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65
Q

Reed sternberg cells are associated with what?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

66
Q

What condition are Russell bodies associated with?

A

Multiple myeloma

67
Q

What are punched out lesions and M-spikes associated with?

A

Multiple myeloma

68
Q

What is a tumor of osteoclasts ?

A

Giant cell tumor ( mc in knee)

69
Q

What is the most common lung cancer in non smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma (best prognosis)

70
Q

What is the most common cancer in smokers?

A

Squamous cell

71
Q

What kind of poisoning can you get lung cancer from?

A

Arsenic (in treated wood)

72
Q

What is a multi laminated (onion skin) appearance, most commonly in children>?

A

Ewing sarcoma

73
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the skull?

A

Osteoma

74
Q

What has worse pain at night, and is relieved by aspirin?

A

Osteoid osteoma

75
Q

What is the most common primary bone cancer in children>?

A

Osteosarcoma

76
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the extremities?

A

Osteochondroma

77
Q

Hirsute said and obesity, and anovulation is associated with what?

A

Polycysitc ovarian disease

78
Q

What is a concentric benign bone tumor and has the “fallen fragment sign” ?

A

Simple/unicameral bone cyst (SBC/UBC)

79
Q

What is a tumor of all 3 germinal layers? ?

A

Teratoma

80
Q

What is exudate?

A

Fluid and high protein ( damage capillary wall )

81
Q

What is transuadate?

A

Fluid and low protein ( normal capillary wall )

82
Q

What is known as a mixed tumor of the kidney in children, called a nephroblastoma?

A

Wilms tumor

83
Q

What cells help make heparin and serotonin?

A

Mast cells

84
Q

What are two vasodilators that increase inflammation ?

A

Bradykinin/histamine

85
Q

What decrease inflammation?

A

Enkephalins/endorphins

86
Q

What to mast cells start as?

A

Basophils

87
Q

What do plasma cells start as?

A

B-lymphocytes

88
Q

What are the 3 granulocytes ?

A

BEN**, Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

89
Q

What are the 3 natural killer cells?

A

MEN** monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils

90
Q

What activates B cells?

A

T helper, CD4

91
Q

What is breakdown of WBC from most to least?

A

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils (never let monkeys eat bananas

92
Q

What is hypoplasia of the thymus (primary t cell def at birth) ?

A

DeGeorges

93
Q

What is the tetralogy of fallot?

A

DRIP*****, dextrorotation of aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, inter-ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis

94
Q

What is the most common leukemia seen in children?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

95
Q

What is the most common acute leukemia in adults (85%) and has the worst prognosis?

A

Acute myeloblastic (AML)

96
Q

What form of leukemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome (22) ?

A

Chronic myelocytic

97
Q

H shaped vertebra is associated with what condition?

A

Sickle cell anemia

98
Q

What is a hereditary progressive peroneal muscle atrophy that affects tibialis anterior?

A

Charcot marie tooth**

99
Q

What disease is a lack of glucose 6 phosphatase in the liver?

A

Von gierkes

100
Q

Cri du Chat is a chromosomal problem on what #? (Characteristic cry)

A

5

101
Q

With Huntingtons chorea what is effected?

A

Basal ganglion, Atrophy of the caudate

102
Q

What genetic disease is a problem with the 4th chromosome and a decrease in GABA?

A

Huntingtons chorea

103
Q

What is an accumulation of homogentisic acid? Urine can turn black, increase of tyrosine?

A

Alkaptonuria

104
Q

Someone with Marian’s is susceptible to what?

A

Dissecting aortic aneurysms

105
Q

What genetic disease to cause the person to die very young and is also called trisomy 18?

A

Edwards

106
Q

What is a failed to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine ?

A

Phenylketonuria

107
Q

What is the most common cardiac tumor?

A

Myxoma

108
Q

What is a granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch?

A

Takayasu arteries

109
Q

What is the second most common birth defect?

A

Interventricular septal defect

110
Q

Gauchers is associated with to much_______?

A

Glucocerebrosides

111
Q

Krabbes is assoaicted with to many what??

A

Galactocerenrosides

112
Q

Niemann picks is assoaicted with to much what?

A

Sphingomyelin

113
Q

Tay sachs is associated with to much_____ ?

A

Gangliosides

114
Q

Tay sachs is most common in what population?

A

Ashkenasi jews

115
Q

What muscular dystrophy is seen in the calves, growers maneuver, waddling gait?

A

Duchenes

116
Q

What muscle disease is when you cant relax muscle

A

Myotonic dystrophy

117
Q

What muscular distrophy has no pseudohypertrophy ?

A

Beckers

118
Q

47XXY is associated with what

A

Kleinfelters

119
Q

45x0 is assoacited with ?

A

Turners

120
Q

What is the most common form of childhood mental retardation?

A

Fragile X

121
Q

XQ 27 is associated with what?

A

Fragile X

122
Q

Raindrop skull is associated with what?

A

Multiple myeloma

123
Q

What is calcium or bone found in muscle due to trauma? If in adductors it is called Prussians disease?

A

Myositis ossificans

124
Q

What is associated with dumbbell shaped IVF?

A

Neurofibromatosis

125
Q

The soap bubble appearance is associated with what?

A

Giant cell tumor

126
Q

Someone with DISH will have trouble swallowing due to what?

A

Calcification of ALL

127
Q

What is associated with the 6 Ds? Destruction, debris, density increase, dislocation, disorginazition, dissension

A

Neuropathic joint

128
Q

Osteoblastoma is most commonly seen where?

A

Neural arch

129
Q

Sandwich vertebrae is associated with late stages of what?

A

Osteoporosis

130
Q

What is the more common name for marble bone disease?

A

Osteoporosis

131
Q

An onion bulb tumor is what kind of tumor?

A

Schwann cell

132
Q

What is associated with increase in hat size, enlargement of bone. ?

A

Pagets

133
Q

What is the pathological cell in Paget’s ?

A

Osteoclast

134
Q

What condition is associated with CREST signs?

A

Scleroderma

135
Q

What does CREST stand for ?

A

Calcinosis cutis, Raynauds, esophageal problems, Sclerodactyly, telagectasis

136
Q

Lion faces is associated with what?

A

Pagets

137
Q

Acid phosphates is seen in what?

A

Prostatic cancer

138
Q

Alkaline phosphatase is seen in what two things?

A

Liver and bone conditions

139
Q

What is the # 1 mineral deficiency in the US?

A

Calcium

140
Q

What is the number one mineral def in the world?

A

Iron

141
Q

What is brown atrophy ?

A

Build up of lipofuscin in the organs

142
Q

Rugger jersey sign is associated with what?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

143
Q

Picture fram vert are associated with what?

A

Pagets

144
Q

Pencil in cup deformity is seen in what?

A

Psoriatic arthritis

145
Q

Sausage digits, auspitz sign, pitting of nails are all seen in what?

A

Psoriatic arthritis

146
Q

What nodes are seen at the DIP joint?

A

Heberdens

147
Q

What nodes are seven at the PIP joint?

A

Bouchard

148
Q

Chronic rheumatoid arthritis with splenomegaly is called what?

A

Feltys syndrome

149
Q

What is podagra?

A

Gout in big toe

150
Q

What is the most common fracture of the wrist where the distal radius with POSTERIOR displacement (dinner fork deformity)

A

Colles fracture

151
Q

What is know as a reverse colles fracture with ANTERIOR displacement.? (Garden spade deformity)

A

Smiths fracture

152
Q

Avascular necrosis of the lunate is called what?

A

Keinbock

153
Q

Avascular necrosis of the navicular is called?

A

Kohlers

154
Q

Avascular necrosis of the scaphoid is called?

A

Pressiers disease

155
Q

Avascular necrosis of the spine (endplates)

A

SCheuermanns

156
Q

Avascular necrosis of the hip (head of the femur) ?

A

Legg Caleb perthes

157
Q

**antibodies against DNA is associated with what Disease?

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

158
Q

What nodes are seen at the MCP?

A

Haygarths

159
Q

Pannus is usually seen in what?

A

RA

160
Q

Seropositive arthritis is associated with what 4 things?

A

PEAR* psoriatic, enteropathic arthropathy, ankylosing spondy, reiters syndrome. LAX pos

161
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is known as?

A

Stills disease

162
Q

Seropositive arthritis is associated with what 4 things?

A

Rheumatoid, sjogrens, scleroderma, Systemic lupus

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