Crystal shape/birefringence in Monosodium Urate?
Needle or rod shaped, strong birefringence
Crystal shape/birefringence in Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate?
Rhomboid or rod shaped, weak birefringence
Crystal shape/birefringence in Ca oxalate?
Bipyramidal shaped, weak or strong birefringence
Crystal shape/birefringence in Basic Ca phosphate?
shiny/coin-like/irregular shaped, NOT birefringent
What etiologic category are achondroplasias in?
Abnormal receptors
What etiologic categories is reactive arthritis in?
STDs and dysenteric
What etiologic category is Myasthenia Gravis in?
Thyoma
What etiologic category is Lambert-eaton Myasthenic Syndrome in?
Decreased Ach release
What etiologic category is osteomalacia/rickets in?
Mineral homeostasis
what etiologic category is hyperparathyroidism in?
Mineral homeostasis
What etiologic category is Paget’s disease in?
Osteoclast
What etiologic category is Osteopetrosis in?
Osteoclast
What is Reactive arthritis aka?
Reiter’s
What is systemic sclerosis aka?
scleroderma
What is osteopetrosis aka?
Alber’s-schonberg disease, marble bone disease
What is Epiphysitis of the calcaneus aka?
Sever’s disease
What is neurogenic arthropathy aka?
Charcot’s joints
What is morton’s neuroma aka?
Metatarsalgia
What is Anterior achilles tendon bursitis aka?
Albert’s disease, retromalleolar bursitis
What is monosodium urate crystal deposition disease aka?
Gout
What is calcium phosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease aka?
pseudogout
What is Paget’s disease aka?
Osteitis deformans
What is Cushing’s syndrome caused by? (cancer type)
small-cell carcinoma of lung
What is SIADH caused by? (cancer type)
small cell carcinoma of lung and intracranial neoplasms
What is hypercalcemia caused by? (cancer type)
squamous cell carcinoma of lung, breast carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma
What is venous thrombosis caused by? (cancer type)
pancreatic carcinoma
What is polycythemia caused by? (cancer type)
renal cell carcinoma and hemangioblastoma
What is myasthenia gravis caused by? (cancer type)
thymoma, small cell lung carcinoma
What is Lambert-Eaton syndrom caused by? (cancer type)
small cell carcinoma of lung
What is gout/urate neuropathy caused by? (cancer type)
leukemias and lymphomas
What is the cause of paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome?
ACTH
What is the cause of paraneoplastic SIADH?
ADH
What is the cause of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia?
PTH-like polypeptide, TGF-alpha
What is the cause of paraneoplastic venous thrombosis?
thromboplastin
What is the cause of paraneoplastic polycythemia?
erythropoietin
What is the cause of paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis?
Ab to ach receptor at NMJ
What is the cause of paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton syndrome?
Ab to pre-synaptic Ca channels in nerve axons
What is the cause of paraneoplastic Gout/urate neuropathy?
Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover
What disorder is antinuclear antibody (ANA) associated with?
SLE (not exclusive)
What disorder are anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith associated with?
specific for SLE
What disorder is antihistone associated with?
Drug-induced lupus
What disorder is anti-IgG (rheumatoid factor) associated with?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What disorder is anticentromere associated with?
scleroderma (CREST)
What disorder is anti-Scl-70 associated with?
Scleroderma (diffuse)
What disorder is anti-Jo-1 associated with?
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
What disorder is anti-SS-A (anti-Ro) associated with?
Sjogrens syndrome
What disorder is anti-SS-B (anti-La) associated with?
Sjogrens syndrome
What disorder is anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein) associated with?
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
What disorder is anti-CCP antibody associated with?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is hay fever (allergic rhinitis)?
Type 1 (anaphylactic)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is asthma?
Type 1 (anaphylactic)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is atopic dermatitis?
Type 1 (anaphylactic)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is anaphylactic shock?
Type 1 (anaphylactic)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is hemolytic anemia?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is goodpasture syndrome?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is Graves disease?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is Myasthenia gravis?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is erythroblastosis fetalis?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is rheumatic fever?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is bullous pemphigoid?
Type 2 (cytotoxic antibody)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is serum sickness?
Type 3 (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Type 3 (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is arthus reaction?
Type 3 (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is polyarteritis nodosa?
Type 3 (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is systemic lupus erythematosus?
Type 3 (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is rheumatoid arthritis?
Type 3 (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
Type 3 (immune complex)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is contact dermatitis?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is chronic transplant rejection?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is Graft-vs-host disease?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is reaction to tumors?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder are infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leptae, fungi?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is sarcoidosis?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is type 1 DM?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is multiple sclerosis?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is Hashimotos thyroiditis?
Type 4 (delayed)
Which type of hypersensitivty disorder is PPD?
Type 4 (delayed)