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Flashcards in Peds Immunizations Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

-the ability of a community to resist epidemic dz.

Not every persons in a population has to be immunized in order for a community to be resistant to an epidemic dz.

Unvaccinated individuals are indirectly protected by vaccinated individuals.

2
Q

What are the two types of immunization?

  • how long until immunity achieved?
  • provides long or short term immunity?
A
  • active: when either live, toxoid, or killed Ag is administered and the body makes its own abys against it.
  • -meaningful immunity is not achieved until 2-4weeks post vaccination. Provides long term immunity.

Passive:
-administration of preformed abys (immunglobulins). Results in immediate immunity & is short term.

3
Q

Give 2 examples of times where passive immunity is used.

A

Mother HBsAg +, hepatitis B immune globulin is given within 12hrs of birth. (they also get active immunity too, hep B vaccine)

Palivizumab is a RSV immune globulin that is administered to children who are at risk for severe RSV.

4
Q

What are the 4 live vaccines? Who can we not give live vaccines to?

A

MMR, Varicella, Zoster (shingles), Nasal-spray flu vaccine, (rotavirus?)

Cannot give live vaccines to infants younger than 12mos and immunocompromised patients (pregnant, older individuals, poor controlled DM, any chronic dz)

5
Q

What are the common side effects of most vaccines?

A
  • fever
  • local rxn at site of injection (redness, hematoma)

*may give tylenol after vaccine for pain and fever.

6
Q

Serum Sickness-Like Rxn

A

-pathogenesis poorly understood, though pt experiences a non-immune complex mediated rxn to the immunization causing them to feel under the weather.

7
Q

What are the true vaccine CI?

A
  • previous anaphylactic rxn to a vaccine- avoid revaccination
  • hx of anaphylaxis to eggs of egg protein: avoid measles, mumps, influenza, yellow-fever
  • previous anaphylaxis rxn to neomycin or streptomycin: avoid MMR
  • Hx of severe systemic rxn to the choelra, typhoid or plague vaccine: avoid revaccination of these.
  • adults who are immunocompromised as a result of dz or its tx: avoild live vurses
  • household members of immunocompromised pts:avoid oral polio
  • pregnant women- avoid all live viruses
8
Q

T/F: it is NOT a CI to administer a vaccine in a patient with MILD resp., intestinal, or flu-like illness, low-grade fever, or hx of recent illness.

T/F: mild/moderate local rxn (tender, red, swelling @ injection site) are NOT a CI to subsequent vaccination?

A

True & True.

9
Q

Hepatitis B

-vaccine schedule

A

schedule:
-birth (w/in 12hrs if
HBsAg +, also get hep B immunoglobulin)
-2mo
-4-6mo

10
Q

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

  • aka
  • leading cause of what infections worldwide?
  • Vaccine Schedule
A

aka: PCV13 or Prevnar13

leading cause of pneumonia worldwide and a principal cause of sepsis and  meningitis under that age of 2.
Schedule: 
-2mo 
-4mo 
-6mo 
Booster 12-15mo
11
Q

Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB)

  • leading cause of which childhood infections?
  • not routinely given to children age 5 and older, why?
  • vaccine schedule
A

was leading cause of childhood meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis

-Not given to children 5yrs and older b/c they have probably already had it or been exposed to it and have developed immunity to it.

Schedule: 
-2mo 
-4mo 
-6mo 
Booster 15mo
12
Q
Polio Vaccine (IPV) 
-vaccine schedule
A

Schedule:

  • 2mo
  • 4mo
  • 6mo
  • 4-6years
13
Q

DTaP Vaccine
-vaccine schedule
-

A

Schedule:

  • 2mo
  • 4mo
  • 6mo
  • 15mo
  • 4-6 years
  • booster at 11-12years if 5 years since last dose
  • every ten years thereafter.
14
Q

Rotavirus Vaccine

  • aka
  • administration route
  • vaccine schedule
  • what happens if you miss the vaccine window ?
  • associated with increased risk of ?
A

aka: rotateq(3doses), rotarix (2 dose only)

PO administration

Vaccine Schedule:

  • 2mo
  • 4mo
  • 6mo (only for rotateq)

if missed vaccine window dont bother getting it, they’ve probably already had the dz.

Increased risk of intussesception

15
Q

Influenza Vaccine

  • vaccine schedule
  • how long to develop immunity?
  • types
A

Schedule:

  • annually ages 6mo to 18years
  • children 6 mo to 8 years require 2 doses (separated by at least 4 wks) for 1st time vaccine.

-2wks to develop immunity

Types:

  • intranasal (live)
  • IM
16
Q

Hep A Vaccine:

-vaccine schedule

A

Schedule:

  • 12mo (cannot give less than 1 yr)
  • 24mo
17
Q

MMR Vaccine

-vaccine schedule

A

Schedule:

  • 12mo (MUST be exactly 12 mo)
  • 4-6years
18
Q

Varicella Vaccine

  • aka
  • vaccine schedule
A

aka: varivax

Schedule:

  • 12-15mo
  • 4-6years
19
Q

Meningococcal Vaccine

  • aka
  • vaccine schedule
A

aka:
- MCV4, Menactra

Schedule:

  • 11-12years
  • Booster 16years
20
Q

HPV Vaccine

  • aka
  • vaccine schedule
A

aka: gardasil

Schedule:

  • begin at ages 11-12years, as early as 9 years.
  • -3 doses; O mo, 2 mo, 6mo apart.
21
Q

What are the Combo vaccines ?

A

DTaP, DT, Tdap, Td

MMR

MMRV (proquad)

Pediarix (DTaP + Hep B + IPV) -2,4,6mo

Twinrix (Hep A + Hep B) only pts greater than 18yrs

Comvax (Hib + Hep B)

TriHIBit (DTaP + Hib) *only used as 4th dose.

22
Q

Complete Vaccine Schedule

A

Birth: Hep B

2mo: PCV13, Hib, rotavirus, [DTaP, Hep B, IPV (Pediarix)]
4mo: PCV13, Hib, rotavirus, [DTaP, Hep B, IPV (Pediarix)]
6mo: PCV13, Hib, rotavirus, [DTaP, Hep B, IPV (Pediarix)], + INFLUENZA
12mo: PCV 13, Hib, Hep A
15mo: DTaP, MMR, varicella
24mo: Hep A

4-6years: DTaP, IPV, MMR, Varicella

12 years: Tdap, HPV, Meningococcal

16-18yrs: meningococcal