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Flashcards in Pharm - Multiple Sclerosis Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is the typical demographics for MS patients?

A

20-30 year old
Caucasian
Women
North America

2
Q

What are the motor signs of a patient with MS?

A

Lesions will be of the CNS and Spinal cord. Patient will have weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia and babinski sign

3
Q

What are the sensory findings on a patient with MS?

A

Vibratory, touch, pain , temperature loss

Lhermitte’s sign = not specific for MS but will present as a sharp pain that shoots down the back when the head is flexed

4
Q

What is Lhermitte’s sign?

A

When the head is flexed sharp pain will shoot down the back indicating demyelination of posterior column of the cervical cord

5
Q

What cranial nerve signs will a patient with MS have?

A

Diplopia (MLF tract)
Optic neuritits (painful loss of vision)
Pain with movement of eyes
Intranuclear opthalmoplegia

6
Q

What cerebellar signs will a patient with MS have?

A

Ataxia

Unstable gait

7
Q

What are some other signs and symptoms of MS besides motor and sensory?

A

Autonomic: urinary incontinence, decrease sexual function, constipation
Fatigue: from medications, UTI, depression

8
Q

What psychiatric problems to patients with MS have?

A

Depression
Bipolar
Cognitive disorders

9
Q

What is Uthoff’s phenomenom?

A

Heat from a shower or exercise will worsen the symptoms of MS

10
Q

What radiographic signs will help diagnose MS?

A

MRI (T1, T2, FLAIR, Gadolinium) with show Dawson finger projections that are periventricular lesions in the white matter.

They will not have neovascularization
They will not have angiogeneis
They will not have necrosis`

11
Q

What other tests could be done for MS?

A

CSF to fing protein oligoclonal bands

Also evoked potentials

12
Q

What are the different forms of MS

A

Relapsing Remitting MS (85%)
Secondary Progressive (after 7-11 years of RRMS)
Primary Progressive MS (15% usually elderly men)
Progressive-Relapsing MS

13
Q

What are some treatments for MS?

A

Disease Modifying Therapies

Symptomatic Therapies

14
Q

What is used for acute MS relapse?

A

Corticosteroids

15
Q

Describe interferons

A

Make BBB less permeable
decrease cell movement to CNS
Decrease activation of T-cells
Activate T cell suppressors

AE: flu-like syndromes
depression
CBC, liver or thyroid abnormalities

16
Q

Describe Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone)

A

activate T2 suppressor cells

AE: Chest pressure

17
Q

Describe Natalizumab (Tysabri)

A

Monoclonal antibody that prevents migration of lymphocytes and monocytes
AE: Increase change of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
JC virus reactivation

18
Q

Fingolimod (Gilenya)

A

Blocks lymphocytes from leaving lymph nodes
AE: immunosupression
First dose Bradycardia

19
Q

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)

A

broad immunosuppression of T cells, B cells and macrophages

AE: Cardiotoxicity, leukopenia, immunosuppressive, leukemia

20
Q

Teriflunomide (Aubagio)

A

Inhibits pyrimadine synthesis reducing activated lymphocytes

AE: Pregnancy category X, hair loss, hepatotoxicity

21
Q

Dimethyl fumarate

A

Activates Nrf2 pathway involved with cellular stress response
AE: GI flushing, lymphopenia