Pharmacotherapy of Upper Airway Flashcards
1st generation of anti-histamines: examples
Diphenhydramine
Chlorpheniramine
Brompheniramine
Dimenhydrinate
Meclizine
1st gen. of anti-histamines: site + mechanism of action
- H1 antagonist
- also antagonizes cholinergic, alpha adrenergic, seratonin, muscarinic receptors
- Lungs, vessels
1st gen. of anti-histamines: uses
Treat rhinorhea and congestion, itching, sneezing. Motion sickness, sedative, antiemetic.
Allergic rhinitis (+++)
Viral rhinitis (+)
1st gen. of anti-histamines: side effects
If get to brain: Sedation
Decrease congnitive and psychomotor performance
Increase appetite
Cholinergic: dry mouth, urinary retention, sinus tachycardia, hypotension, dizziness, reflex tachycardia
2nd gen. of anti-histamines: examples
- Loratadine
- Cetirizine
- Fexofenadine
2nd gen. of anti-histamines: site + mechanism of action
- Selective for H1 receptor
- Lungs and vessels.
2nd gen. of anti-histamines: uses
Allergic inflamation, itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea.
2nd gen. of anti-histamines: side effects
NO anticholinergic/ antiadrenergic side effects, No CNS effects. No BBB crossing
Decongestant characteristics + examples
- sympathomimetics ==> alpha 1 agonists that cause vasoconstriction
- Pseudoephedrine = oral, best, not a MAO substrate) (a1, b1, b2)
- Phenylephrine = MAO substrate, but more effective than pseudoephedrine if taken nasally, increases BP, urinary retention (a1 only)
- over use ==> ischemia, rebound congestion
- Oxymetolazine
Antitussive agent examples
Codeine / Dextromethorphan
Expectorant example
Guaifenesin
Mucolytic example
N-Acetylcysteine
Tx of asthma
- glucocorticoids
- bronchodilators
Tx of allergic rhinitis
- gluococorticoids
- mast cell inhibitors
- antihistamines
- decongestants
