Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro I > Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

0
Q

the three phases of swallowing are

A

the oral phase
the oropharyngeal phase
the pharyngo-esophageal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The opening to the larynx is called

A

laryngeal aditus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

oral phase is synonymous with

A

mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

oropharyngeal phase

A

involves elevation of the floor of the mouth and tongue i norder to push the bolus into the oropharynx
tongue acts as a piston

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the pharyngo-esophageal phase

A

oropharynx elevates and constricts around the bolus and propels it down the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define the airway protective cough reflex

A

a series of expiratory cough triggered by a noxious stimulus to the supraglottic layngeal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is the cough reflex a vital function in humans

A

uniqueness of the position of the human larynx, which makes it vulnerale to aspiration during swallowing or inhaliation

every particle of food and drink has to pass over the orifice of the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 evolutionarily important developments in humans

A
  1. displacement of the larynx from the back of the neck to the throat (happens in the first year of life, has to do with vocal function and speech development.)
  2. descent of the bladder from abdomen to pelvis as we become bipedal (bladder is in abdomen of children)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the epiglottis in the same place for children and adults?

A

no. in children, the epiglottis overlaps the soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vocal sounds in infants vs adults

A

Infants - nasalized vocal sounds, not peak frequencies that humans can pick up
adults - movement of the larynx to the throat allows for peak frequenceies - huge for development of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protection of the airway in children vs. adults

A

human infants have functional separation of the airway and swallowing function. the epiglottis articulates with the soft palate

human adults require neurological airway protection and RARs in the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do we have spincters that close in places in the body

A

to protect the airway, urinary bladder, rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Respiratory afferents drive ______ abdominal pressure event (_____)

A

up
anticipation
stress urinary incontinence = increased abdominal pressure–>leak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharynx is divided into 3 regions

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nasopharynx location

A

posterior to the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nasopharynx communicates with the ________ via _____ (x3)

A

nasal cavity via the chonae
middle ear vie the auditory tube
oropharynx via the pharyngeal isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anterior opening of the pharynx to the nasal cavity

A

chonae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inferior opening of the nasopharynx

closed over by

A

pharyngeal isthmus

soft palate - dont’ want food up in your nasopharnx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oropharynx is related to which major landmark of head and neck

A

hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

laryngopharynx is located

A

posterior to the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

laryngopharynx becomes continuous with the _____ at the important head and neck landmark____

A

esophagus

CV6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

laryngopharyx communicates with the oropharynx at the level of what head and neck landmark

A

hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Piriform recess

A

part of the laryngopharynx
posterior and lateral to the arytenoid cartilages
food flows down this gutter into the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

piriform recess

the epithelium in this area is innervated by____ and its arterial supply is _____

A

internal laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal artery
pooling sign suggest obstuction or paralysis of upper esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Inner elevators of the pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus muscle
salpingopharyngeus muscle
palatopharyngeus muscle

25
Q

vagal function in the pharynx

A

elevation (except styolopharyngeus muscle)

26
Q

Stylophayngeus muscle

A

between superior and middle constrictors
innervated by SVE fibers of IX
ONLY ONE INN BY IX

27
Q

Salpingophayngeus muscle and palatopharyngeus muscle

A

innervated by vagus n

28
Q

Pharyngeal constictor muscles

A 
superior constrictor (at pterygoid process and mandible)
middle constrictor (at hyoid)
inferior constrictor (at oblique line of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage)

attach posteriorly to the midline pharyngeal raphe

29
Q

Inferior constrictor

A

cricopharyngeus muscle is used during phayngeal speach. is the larges constrictor group. also transition level of orientation of horizontal fibers from pharynx, to vertical fibers of esophagus

30
Q

Kilian’s triangle

A

weak spot of transition at cricopharyngeus/ inferior constrictor level from oblique fibers to vertical fibers of the esophagus

31
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum

A

located just above cricopharyngeus mucslce (above the upper sphincter of the esophagus) it is a false diverticulum (not involving al layers of esophagus wall)

32
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

covers outer surface of buccinator muscle and the pharynx

33
Q

pharyngeal plexus

A

embedded in the portion of the buccopharyngeal fascia covering the middle constrictor

34
Q

Retropharyngeal space

A

between buccophayngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia - it is continuous from the base of the skull to the mediastinum

infections can spread from either region via this space
in srugical fusion of cervical vertebrae, the anterior bodies of the vervical vertebrae are approaced via the retropharyngeal space

35
Q

Gag reflex

A

remember not everyone has a gag relflex

afferent IX, efferent X

36
Q

Blood supply to pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal and inferior thyroid arteries

37
Q 
Innervation of the Pharynx
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_plexus embeded in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
receives sensory (GVA) from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
receives motor (SVE) from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
afferent information for the \_\_\_\_\_ reflex
A

pharyngeal plexus embedded in buccopharyngeal fascia
GVA from pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
SVE from the pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
gag

38
Q

Branches of IX (3)

A
  1. pharyngeal nerve to pharyngeal plexus
  2. sensory (GVA) to mucosa of post 1/3 tongue and pharynx
    sensory (SVA) to taste buds of post 1/3 tongue
  3. motor (SVE) to stylopharyngeus muscle
39
Q

why do we need neurological airway protection of the larynx

A

because of its displacement from the back of the eck to the torat in the first year of life

40
Q

movement of the laryx has to do with

A

vocal function and speech development

41
Q

The _____ acts as a teeter totter between _____ and _____

A

hyoid

tongue and larynx

42
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

thyroid laminae form the laryngeal prominence
superior horn continuous with hyoid bone
inferior horn articulates with cricoid cartilage (cricothyroid joint)
may show ossifications on X-rays after age 30

43
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

most of this cartilage is posterior

cricoid lamina located on posterior aspect of larynx, articulates with the arytenoid cartilages

44
Q

cricoid arch

A

formas main supporting element of laryngeal airway

45
Q

arytenoid cartilages

A

turnstyle configuration
vocal process attached to vocal ligament of vocal cord
muscular process attached to posterior and lateral cricoarytenoids

46
Q

posterior attachement of vocal ligaments

A

arytenoid cartilages

47
Q

during phonation arytenoid cartilages

A

rotate along a vertical axis to control tension on the vocal folds

48
Q

during respiration arytenoid cartilages

A

slide laterally to poen the rima glottidis

vocal cords apart for breathing

49
Q

Why dont you want to direct your cut upwards during a cricothyrotomy

A

you will hit the vocal cords

50
Q

What happens when you swallow (with the epiglottis)

A

tongue pushes back over the larynx and pushes epiglottis over the larynx
vocal folds close also

51
Q

Only abductor of vocal cords

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the arytenoid)

52
Q

GERD

A

acid is damaging to larynx (digestion of lining of upper airway)
will complain of cough

53
Q

MOST important nerve in the body. will keep you alive

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

ibSLN

54
Q

ibSLN course

A

pierces thyrohyoid membrane along with superior laryngeal artery

55
Q

ibSLN function

A

CHIEF SENSORY NERVE TO THE INTERIOR OF THE LARYNX
supplies GVA fibers to interior of larynx and it is involved in the cough reflex
also supplies GVE to the saccule glands of the larynx

56
Q

afferent component of the laryngeal cough reflex (LCR)

A

laryngeal receptors and afferent fibers of the ibSLN

57
Q

If ibSLN not functional during initiation of protective cough reflex,

A

protective value of LCR is compromised, and there is an increased risk of developing aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired patients

58
Q

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

A

innervates cricothyroid muscle

59
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve course

A

crosses cricothyroid joint and enters larynx, is then called inferiror laryngeal nerve

60
Q

inferior laryngeal nerve function

A

conveys SVE fibers to the laryngeal muscles except CRICOTHYROID
these fibers originate from the nucleus ambiguus

61
Q

paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

result in hoarseness and dysphagia.
there may also be coughing or choking due to the collapse of the aryepiglottic fold and subsequent drainage of fluids into the larynx.

Neuro I (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions