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Flashcards in Phase 4 2017 Deck (13)
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1
Q

Why is there no PSA screening programme in the UK

A

No clear policy on who to treat
PSA is not an acceptable test as it is not specific
There is not clear latent phase
Natural history of the disease is not known

2
Q

When should you offer a PSA

A

Offer PSA testing to:
Men older than 50 years of age who request a PSA test.
Consider a PSA test in men with:
- Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such as nocturia, urinary frequency, hesitancy, urgency or retention.
- Erectile dysfunction.
- Visible haematuria.
- Unexplained symptoms that could be due to advanced prostate cancer (for example lower back pain, bone pain, weight loss).

3
Q

Types of laxatives

A

Bulk forming laxatives: Ispagula husk
Osmotic: Lactulose
Stimulant: Senna
Prokinetic: Prucalopride

4
Q

Drugs that cause constipation

A

Opioids
Calcium tablets
Anticholinergics
Iron tablets

5
Q

Differentials for quinsy

A

Parapharyngeal abscess
Lymphoma
Lemierre syndrome

6
Q

Organisms that cause epydid-orchitis

A
Chlamydia Trachomastis 
Neisseria Gonnerhea 
E.coli
Mumps 
TB
7
Q

Antibiotics for pylenephritis

A

NICE recommends co-amoxiclav or ciprofloxacin

8
Q

Test for chronic hep B infection

A

HBsAg

9
Q

Causes of viral meningitis

A

Cocksackie
Echovirus
HSV 2

10
Q

Define herd immunity

A

The resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination

11
Q

Name two nephrotoxic drugs and explain how they work

A

Nephrotoxic drugs, ACEi inhibit efferent arteriole vasoconstriction has lowering the pressure in the glomerulus
NSAIDs: constrict the afferent arteriole, reducing the blood flow to the kidney

12
Q

Mechanism for describing a rash

A
SCAM
Size (the widest diameter), Shape 
Colour
Associated secondary change 
Morphology, Margin (border)
13
Q

Diagnostic tests for bulls penphgoid

A

Skin biopsy, immunofluorescence: Liner IgG and C3 along the basement membrane
Enzymne linked immunosorbent assay