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A-level Psychology (PP) > Phobias > Flashcards

Flashcards in Phobias Deck (21)
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1
Q

Define phobia?

A

An irrational fear of an object or situation

2
Q

Define behavioural?

A

Ways in which people act

3
Q

Define emotional

A

Ways in which people feel

4
Q

Define cognitive?

A

Refers to the process of thinking, knowing, receiving and believing

5
Q

What is the DSM system?

A

The best known system for classifying and diagnosing mental health problems(Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders ). Published by the EPE and updated as ideas about abnormality change

6
Q

What are the DSM categories of phobia?

A

All phobias at categorised by excessive fear and anxiety , triggered by an object, place or situation. The extent of the fear is out of proportion to any real danger presented by the phobic stimulus

7
Q

What is a specific phobia?

A

Phobia of an object, such as a animal or body part or a situation such as flying/getting an injection

8
Q

What is social anxiety?

A

Phobia of a social situation such as public speaking or using a public toilet

9
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Phobia of being outside or in a public place

10
Q

What are two main behavioural characteristics of phobias?

A

Panic and avoidance

11
Q

What is panic?

A

In the presence of a phobic stimulus panic may involve crying, screaming or running away. Children may react differently - freezing or having a tantrum

12
Q

What is avoidance?

A

Unless the sufferer is trying to face the fear they tend to go to a lot of effort to avoid coming into contact with the phobic stimulus - this can make life difficult interfering with work, education and social life.

13
Q

What is endurance?

A

The alternative to avoidance where the sufferer remains in the presence of the phobic stimulus but continues to experience high levels of anxiety.

14
Q

What are phobias classed as?

A

Emotional disorders - by definition they involve an emotional response such as fear or anxiety.
Anxiety - unpleasant and prevents the sufferer from relaxing
Fear - immediate and unpleasant experience we encounter when we see a phobic stimuli

15
Q

What is the biggest emotional characteristic of phobias?

A

Anxiety

16
Q

Why are the emotional responses unreasonable?

A

A phobic stimuli goes beyond what is reasonable, this is widely disproportionate to the danger posed

17
Q

What are the cognitive characteristics of phobias concerned with?

A

The ways in which people process information

18
Q

What are the three main cognitive characteristics of phobias?

A

Selective attention to phobic stimulus
Irrational beliefs
Cognitive distortions

19
Q

What is selective attention?

A

If the sufferer can see the phobic stimulus its hard to look away from it - keeping our attention on something dangerous allows us to react quickly but is less useful when the fear is irrational

20
Q

What are irrational beliefs?

A

The sufferer often holds irrational beliefs in response to the phobic stimulus e.g. social phobias can involve beliefs such as if I go red people will think I’m weak - this kind of belief increases the pressure on the sufferer to perform well in social situations

21
Q

What is a cognitive distortion?

A

The phobic’s perception of the phobia may be distorted e.g, omphalophobia are likely to see bellybuttons as ugly or disgusting.