Photosynthesis: Outline Flashcards Preview

A2 Biology: Photosynthesis & Respiration > Photosynthesis: Outline > Flashcards

Flashcards in Photosynthesis: Outline Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+ light) → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

2
Q

what is some of the light energy conserved in the form of?

A

chemical bonds

3
Q

what are the 3 main stages of photosynthesis?

A
  1. capturing of the light energy
  2. the Light Dependent Reaction (LDR)
  3. the Light Independent Reaction (LIR)
4
Q

how is the light energy captured?

A

by chloroplast pigments (such as chlorophyll)

5
Q

briefly summarise what happens during the LDR

A
  • some absorbed light energy is conserved in chemical bonds
  • electron flow is created by the effect of light on chlorophyll
  • this causes water to split (photolysis) into protons (H⁺), electrons and oxygen
  • the products are NADP, ATP and oxygen
6
Q

briefly summarise what happens during the LIR

A
  • protons (H⁺) are used to produce sugars and other organic molecules
7
Q

what are the 2 purposes of the light energy during LDR?

A
  1. to add an inorganic phosphate (Pᵢ) to ADP, to form ATP

2. (photolysis) light causes water to split into protons (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻)

8
Q

what is oxidation?

A

the process when a substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen, and energy is given out

9
Q

what is a substance said to be when it gains oxygen or loses hydrogen?

A

oxidised

10
Q

what is reduction?

A

the process when a substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen, and energy is taken in

11
Q

what is a substance said to be when it loses oxygen or gains hydrogen?

A

reduced

12
Q

when a substance is oxidised what happens to its electrons?

A

electrons are lost

13
Q

when a substance is reduced what happens to its electrons?

A

electrons are gained

14
Q

oxidation and reduction always take place together, what is this type of reaction called?

A

redox reaction

15
Q

in eukaryotic plants, which organelle does photosynthesis take place in?

A

chloroplasts

16
Q

what is the structure of grana?

A

stacks of many thylakoids

17
Q

what is the structure of thylakoids?

A

disc-like structures

18
Q

where is the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll found?

A

within the thylakoids

19
Q

what are inter-granal lamellae?

A

tubular extensions which join up some thylakoids with other thylakoids in adjacent grana

20
Q

which stage of photosynthesis takes place in the grana?

A

LDR

21
Q

what is the structure of the stroma?

A

a fluid-filled matrix

22
Q

the stroma contains a number of other structures, give one example

A

starch grains

23
Q

which stage of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma?

A

LIR