Phylogeny&SystematicsLEC18 Flashcards
What expains the sudden disappearance in fossil records?
Punctuacted Equilibrium!
What is similarity due to convergent evolution called, that is one miss-step in making a phylogeny?
Ex. moles from two different place.
Analogy!
Not homology that has similarity due to shared ancestry.
Analogous traits look similar but are not due to relatedness.
Is each phylogeny a hypthesis?
Yes!
What occurs when similar environments produce similar adaptations in unrelated organisms?
Convergent evolution!
What is the grouping of organisms into categories based on their similarities?
Taxonomy!
What connects taxonomy with evolutionay history? Is it hard to get it right?
Phylogenetic systematics!
Its really difficult.
Who developed the two-part format for the scientific name of an organism? What is it called?
Linnaeus!
This is Binomial nomenclature.
What is the group of taxa including an ancestor and all of its descendants?
A Clade!
What is a graphic depiction of a clade?
Cladogram!
What is a valid clade that consists of the ancestor species and all of its descendants?
a monophyletic clade
What grouping combines mutiple organisms that are not close relatives?
Ex: Pachyderms(tough skins). Elephant-Rhino-Hippo.
A polyphyletic grouping!
What is a homologous structure that predates a particular clade, shared with other taxa beyond the one we are trying to define?
A shared primative character!
What is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade?
Shared derived character!
Clades are defined by these evolutionary innovations.
What contains data from fossil record to place branches in the context of geological time?
An ultrametric tree!
The Most parismonious tree is the one that has…
fewest branches and simplest answer!
