physical and enviro variables (soils) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in physical and enviro variables (soils) Deck (31)
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1
Q

what are the two types of zonal soils?

A

ferrasols and podsols

2
Q

where is a ferrasol found?

A

in the tropics

3
Q

does it have a high acidity?

A

yes

4
Q

what are the horizons of a ferasol?

A

OABCR

5
Q

why dint there any nutrients in the O and A horizon?

A

high rainfall means that they are not absorbed and are leached out of the soil

6
Q

are tropical soils fertile?

A

no due to excessive leaching

7
Q

how are nutrients added to the soil in ferrasols?

A

hot and wet climate means that leaves fall all year round supplying nutrients

8
Q

where are nutrients constantly cycled in a ferasol?

A

the vegetation and top soil

9
Q

in a feral there are limited nutrients at what depth?

A

50cm

10
Q

who does deforestation affect ferrasols?

A

removing vegetation removes nutrients due to there being a limited amount

11
Q

why are ferrasols less susceptible to soil erosion?

A

they are well drained

12
Q

why are crops more prone to drought conditions in ferrasols?

A

as they cannot hold water because of well drained

13
Q

what type of agriculture is common on ferrasols?

A

shifting cultivation

14
Q

if permanent cultivation as to occur on a ferrasol what would need to happen?

A

require high fertiliser to raise the ph level

15
Q

what are examples of vegetation in ferrasols and where?

A

rubber and black pepper plantation in brazil

16
Q

how long do podsols take to develop?

A

3000-5000 years

17
Q

where are podsols found?

A

where precipitation is high and temperatures are cool

18
Q

are podsols acidic?

A

yes

19
Q

what other horizon does a podsol have?

A

E

20
Q

what happen at the E horizon in a podsol?

A

sever leaching takes place of iron and aluminium makes it pale it colour

21
Q

why does water logging occur in a podsol

A

at the B horizon iron begins to accumulate to make a hardpan layer

22
Q

in a podsol what do the low temperatures cause?

A

decomposition and growing to be slow

23
Q

what is available throughout the year in a podsol?

A

leaf litter

24
Q

why are podsols unsuitable for arable farming?

A

low in nutrients and very acidic

25
Q

what is done to remove the hardpin in podsols?

A

deep ploughing

26
Q

what is done to allow crop cultivation in a podsol?

A

continuous use of fertilisers and lime

27
Q

what are the areas of podsols mainly used for?

A

forestry, recreation and extensive grazing

28
Q

what are soils consisted of?

A

weathered rock, organic material, water and air

29
Q

what does the type of soil found in areas depend on?

A

climate
vegetation
topography

30
Q

what is a zonal soil?

A

develop over a long period of time under the influence of climate and vegetation
have distinct profile

31
Q

what does the global classification of zonal soils identify?

A

different soil horizons
OABCR
OAEBCR