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Irene Gold > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Dark adaptations of retina requires?

A

Rhodopsin synthesis

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2
Q

Which cardiac abnormalities results in an increased P-R interval on an electrogram?

A

AV block = ↑ PR interval

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3
Q

In andrenergic fibers, dopamine is converted to ____ by hydroxylation?

A

Norepinephrine

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4
Q

The hormone ____ aids in lactation and is secreted from ______ pituitary gland?

A

Prolactin; Ant. Pituitary = Lactation

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5
Q

How is norepinephrine removed from the synaptic cleft?

A

Re-uptake into the presynaptic neuron ending

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6
Q

At the neuromuscular junction, botulisum toxin will ____?

A

Inhibit the synthesis of ecetylcholine (not decrease release of)

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7
Q

Most proteins are absorbed through the luminal membranes of intestinal epithelial cell in the form of?

A

Lipoprotein

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8
Q

Most proteins are absorbed through the luminal membranes of intestinal epithelial cells in the form of ____?

A

Lipoproteins

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9
Q

Stimulation of symp. nervous system will cause ____?

A

Bronchus dialation

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10
Q

The post. pituitary gland secretes which of these hormones?

A

Vasopressin (AKA ADH)

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11
Q

Which of these primarily drives gasseous diffusion?

A

Particulate size

Diffusion = Ø energy

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12
Q

Which substance causes vasodilation?

A

Nitric Oxide

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13
Q

Greatest impact on pulse pressure?

A

Stroke volume output

*Starling’s law

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14
Q

Visual accommodation is accomplished by ____?

A

Relaxation of the cillary muscles

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15
Q

The function of opsonin is to ____?

A

Facilitate phagocytosis

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16
Q

Air moves into the lungs during inspiration when the ____ pressure _____?

A

Pleural; approximates to zero

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17
Q

Which of these best defines total lung capacity?

A

Vital capacity plus residual volume

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18
Q

Primary esophageal peristalsis is best described as ____?

A

A continuation of the pharyngeal wave

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19
Q

What hormone maintains uterus for implantation of fertilization ovum?

A

Progesterone

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20
Q

Which region of brain functions in the storage of memory?

A

Temporal (hearing/balance/long term memory/lives in calcaraine sulcus near limbic system)

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21
Q

Angiotensin stimulates secretion of

A

Aldosterone

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22
Q

Aortic bodies are sensitive to ____ changes?

A

Arterial PO2 (partial pressure of O2)

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23
Q

Lactase, maltase & sucrase are enzyme which can be found in the ____?

A

Small intestine

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24
Q

Majority of body heat loss at normal room temp occurs by what mech?

A

Radiation

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25
Q

Calcium reacts directly with ____ to initiate smooth muscle contraction?

A

Calmodulin (if striated muscle = troponin)

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26
Q

The static response of muscle spindle fibers is dependant upon the direct excitation of?

A

Nuclear chain fibers

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27
Q

Pulmonary dead space is best defined as _____?

A

Air space in respiratory passage where Ø gas exchange

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28
Q

Primary mechanism for absorbtion of A.A & small peptides from small intestines?

A

Na Co transport

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29
Q

Histamine stimulates gastric secretion of ____ from the ____ cells.

A

Hydrochloric acid, parietal (oxyntic)

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30
Q

Which receptor adapts most rapidly?

A

Pacinian corpuscle

  • merkles disc = deep pressure
  • meisner’s = fine touch (finger tips)
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31
Q

The function of T-Tubles of cardiac muscle is to ____?

A

Increase calcium concentration in sarcoplasm

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32
Q

The action potential in cardiac muscle is caused by the opening of ____ Na channels and ____ calcium chanels

A

Fast; Slow

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33
Q

During muscle contraction, _____ triggers the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

An action potential (depolarization)

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34
Q

During exercise, the greatest amount of energy comes from ____?

A

The conversion of glucose to pyrovic acid

PPP?

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35
Q

Which ion is normally secreted into tubular lumen @ the level of the tick ascending loop of Heile?

A

Sodium

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36
Q

Which prevents plasma protein from entering into the glomerular filtrate?

A

Basement membrane

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37
Q

The period of isolvoumetric relaxation occurs ____?

A

Immediately after systole

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38
Q

VO2 max is best described as ____?

A

The rate of O2 use under maximal aerobic metabolism

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39
Q

An increased blood concentration of ____ stimulates the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata?

A

Carbon dioxide

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40
Q

IL-1 is produced by which cells?

A

Marcophages (neutrophils)

41
Q

Under normal physiological conditions, what plays the most important role in regulating ADH secretion?

A

Osmotic concentration

42
Q

Initial action potential of auditory conduction occurs in the ____?

A

Organ of corti

43
Q

Low blood concentrations of which hormones cause degeneration of the corpus luteum?

A

Estrogen and LH

44
Q

Angiotensin II has greatest effect on what part of kidneys?

A

Accelerated water & sodium resportion (D.P.T)

45
Q

Which of these is a potential cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

Diabetes mellitus

46
Q

The absence of urine output during hemorrhage is principally due to ____?

A

Substantial elevation in central venous pressure

47
Q

One mechanism of postsynaptic inhibition results from the opening of ____ channels?

A

Potassium

48
Q

A primary function of the lymphatic system is to ____

A

Control the concentration of proteins in interstitial fluids.

49
Q

Which of these is the major sourcwe of calcium ions in the excitation - contraction coupling of cardiac muscle?

A

SA node

50
Q

Nerve impulses are propogated by which of the following?

A

Axolemma

51
Q

Which occurs to the respiratory reflex as the person begins to swallow?

A

Pharynx closes during swallowing

52
Q

Which of the following is cause of edema?

A

Low plasma protein levels (Kwaskirokin)

53
Q

____ crosses over during smooth muscle contraction.

A

Calmodulin

54
Q

Water is first absorbed in the ____ in relation to the loop of henle.

A

Proximal convoluted tuble

55
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves is associated with Hering- Brewer reflex?

A

X (vagus, 10)

56
Q

The cascading effect of protein digestion in small intestine is initiated by ____/

A

Enterokinase

57
Q

Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that is derived by conversion of _____.

A

Dopamine

58
Q

Functional residual capacity is made up of which of the following?

A

Expiratory reserve and residual volume

59
Q

Where is extra calcium stored for muscle contraction?

A

Sarcoplasm

60
Q

The sempinferous glands are specialized to perform which specific function?

A

Produce sperm

61
Q

When there is loss of QRS complex on EKG, without lengthening of the P-R interval is known as ____?

A

Complete heart block (bundle branch block)

62
Q

Which is not involved in tetraolgy of fallot?

A

Dextrorotation of pulmonary a. (DRIP)

63
Q

If a patient is experiencing frequent vomiting, body will attempt to balance PH by adapting to ____?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

64
Q

Which converts in active enzyme of protein digestion in the stomach to its active form?

A

Hydrochloric Acid

65
Q

The ejaculatory duct empties in the ____?

A

Prostate

seven up = order of sperm?

66
Q

What hormone is responsible for onset of menstral cycle?

A

Estrogen (if estrogen isn’t there than progesterone)

67
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the formation of the corpus Albicans?

A

LH

68
Q

Which hormone responsible for over to leave the follicle?

A

LH

69
Q

Which hormone is responsible for myometrium contractions?

A

Oxytocin

70
Q

What hormone triggers release of LH?

A

Estrogen

71
Q

Secretin is responsible for the release of a substance from the pancrease that will have what effect on small intestine?

A

Buffers acid chyme (secretin →BiCarb)

72
Q

Hormone that takes calcium out of the blood and puts it into bone is produced by ____ cells?

A

Parafollicular

73
Q

Hormone that increases absorption from the intestine is produced by which of the following glands?

A

Parathyroid

74
Q

Adenohypophysis is derived from which of the following embryological structure?

A

Surface ectoderm (raphe’s pouch)

75
Q

Diasolic mumor over 2nd intercostal space to L of sternum it is due to ____?

A

Pulmonic reguritation (Arms & PRTS)

76
Q

If a systolic murmur is heard at fifth intercostal space, mid clavicular line it is due to _____?

A

Bicuspid regurgitation (not arms & PRTS)

77
Q

What is directly superior to the prostate?

A

Ejaculatory ducts

78
Q

The dorsum sell covers which of the following structures?

A

Neurohypophysis

79
Q

Aldosterone is produced from?

A

Zona glomerulosa

80
Q

In which protion of nephron is most potassium reabsorbed?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

81
Q

Transpulmonary pressure is at its greatest

A

End of inspiration

82
Q

Goblet cells produce what substance?

A

Mucus

83
Q

How is most carbon dioxide carried in the body?

A

As bicarbonate

84
Q

Macrophages of skin

A

Langerhans cells

85
Q

What has single largest capacity?

A

Vital capacity

86
Q

Alveolar pressure is ____ as compared to atmospheric pressure?

A

Slightly negative

87
Q

A Bohr shift to left will result in?

A

Increase PH

88
Q

Which of the following occurs between the closing of AV and closing of semilunar valves?

A

Ventricular systole

89
Q

Oxyntin cells are found ____ and produce ____?

A

Stomach; intrinsic factor

90
Q

Complete digestion of protein occurs in?

A

Small intestine (illium)

91
Q

Common bile duct is formed from?

A

Cystic and common hepatic duct

92
Q

Red and white pulp are found in the ____?

A

Spleen

93
Q

What ligament connects diaphragm to the liver?

A

Coronary ligament

94
Q

Which ion is responsible for slowing the exit of potassium from the cardiac muscle cells?

A

Calcium

95
Q

How is glucose absorbed accross intestinal wall?

A

Sodium Co-transport

96
Q

Which substance has fewest number of iron ions?

A

Transferrin (hemoglobin has most)

97
Q

Glucose tolerance factor contains which metal?

A

Chromium

98
Q

Damage to which structures will lead to a coma?

A

Reticular formation

Irene Gold (6 decks)

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