Physiology 8 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Physiology 8 Deck (35)
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1
Q

normal range of HCO3?

A

23-27mmol/l

2
Q

normal pH range?

A

7.35-7.45

3
Q

normal arterial pCO2?

A

35-45mmHg

4
Q

if normal acid base balance is disrupted what needs to be restored first

A

pH

5
Q

what substances act as buffers in acid base disturbances?

A

HCO3
CO2
Hb

6
Q

____ blood has a greater affinity for H+ ions

A

unoxygenated

7
Q

what organ regulates and controls bicarbonate?

A

kidneys

8
Q

causes of respiratory acidosis?

A

COPD
airway restriction eg tumour
chest injury
respiratory depression eg general anaesthesia

9
Q

CO2 is __ in respiratory acidosis

A

retained

10
Q

there is hypoventilation in respiratory acidosis T or F

A

T

11
Q

where does CO2 retention drive equilibrium?

A

right

12
Q

what will resp acidosis present with:
pH
CO2
HCO3

A

low ph
inc co2
normal HCO3

13
Q

there is alot of extracellular buffering in respiratory acidosis T or F

A

F, virtually none for respiratory disorders

14
Q

why is H+ secreted by the kidney in respiratory acidosis?

A

the excess CO2 stimulates release

15
Q

how is respiratory acidosis fixed?

A

treat the cause

need to get respiration back to normal

16
Q

how is pH brought back to normal in respiratory compensation?

A

kidneys make H+ to bind to the bicarbonate ions to be excreted as ammonium in the urine

17
Q

there is hypoventilation in respiratory alkalosis T or F

A

F, hyper

18
Q

there is __ CO2 in respiratory alkalosis

A

low

19
Q

causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A

altitute
hyperventilation
anxiety

20
Q

co2 removal drives equilibrium to the….

A

left

21
Q

effect of respiratory alkalosis on:
pH
CO2
bicarb

A

ph high
co2 low
bicarb normal

22
Q

H+ secretion is high in respiratory alkalosis T or F

A

F, co2 is low so it cant stimulate the kidneys to secrete H+

23
Q

how do you fix respiratory alkalosis?

A

restore normal ventilation

remove hco3 in urine

24
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis?

A

ingestion of acid
DKA (excessive production of H+)
lactic acidosis
excessive loss of bicarb eg diarrhoea

25
Q

there is excess __ in metabolic acidosis?

A

H+ (NOT from CO2)

26
Q

why is HCO3 low in metabolic acidosis?

A

trying to buffer the excess H+

27
Q

effect of metabolic acidosis on:
pH
HCO3
CO2

A

ph low
CO2 normal
HCO3 high

28
Q

how is pH restored in metabolic acidosis?

A

respiratory system helps by causing hyperventilation (Removes co2 so moves equilibrium to the left to get rid of H+)

29
Q

what is the equilibrium equation for acids and bases?

A

CO2 + H20 H2CO3 H + HCO3

30
Q

the urine in metabolic acidosis is acidic/basic?

A

acidic

31
Q

is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis more common?

A

acidosis

32
Q

effect of metabolic alkalosis on:
pH
CO2
HCO3

A

high pH
normal CO2
high HCO3

33
Q

cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

vomiting
ingestion of alkali
aldosterone hypersecretion

34
Q

there is a loss of __ and/or and gain of ___ in metabolic acidosis

A

loss of H+

gain of HCO3

35
Q

what does the resp system do to restore a metabolic alkalosis?

A

slows ventilation down so that CO2 is retained (shifts equilibrium to the right so more H+ is gained)