Physiology and Acoustic Phonetics: A Speech Science Foundation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Physiology and Acoustic Phonetics: A Speech Science Foundation Deck (27)
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1
Q

Draw the vowel quad

A
2
Q

What is speech science?

A

The study of speech production at both the acoustic and physiological level

3
Q

What are the four components of speech?

A

Respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation

4
Q

What are allophones?

A

These are variations of phonemes

5
Q

What does phonemic refer to?

A

The abstract system of sounds

6
Q

What does phonetic refer to?

A

This refers to concrete production of specific sounds

7
Q

What is phonetics?

A

The study of speech sounds.

8
Q

What do phonemes in slashmarks represent?

A

Idealized phonemes

9
Q

What are allophones and how are they represented?

A

These are variations in phonetic productions, and are represented by placing them in brackets [s]. Sounds in brackets are actual productions of speakers.

10
Q

What are the three components of a syllable?

A
  1. Onset
  2. Nucleus
  3. Coda
11
Q

What is a rhyme composed of?

A

The coda and the nucleus

12
Q

What does the term syllabification indicate?

A

It is the skill of identifying the number of syllables in a word

13
Q

What is a distinctive feature?

A

It is a unique characteristic that distinguishes one phoneme from another

14
Q

What does manner of articulation refer to?

A

The degree or type of constriction of the vocal track during consonant production

15
Q

What are sibilants?

A

These are high frequency sounds that have longer duration and have more stridency and most other consonants: s, z, sh, juh, chuh, etc

16
Q

What are cognate pairs

A

These are sounds that are identical in every way except voicing

17
Q

What are suprasegmentals?

A

These are also referred to as features of prosody. They add meaning variety and color to running speech.

18
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

This is the thinning of the air molecules when the vibrating object returns to equilibrium; It is the opposite of the condensation. In other words, the time when molecules move apart.

19
Q

What is natural frequency?

A

This is the frequency with which a source I’ve sound normally vibrates. It is determined by the sources mass and stiffness. Mass is the quantity of matter and is not to be confused with weight, which is a gravitational force exerted en masse. The mass of a medium of sound effects its transmission. Increase mass results in decreased frequency, and increased stiffness results in increased frequency.

20
Q

What is fundamental frequency?

A

This is the lowest frequency of a periodic wave; It is the first harmonic. It can also be thought of as the tone produced by the vibration of the vocal folds before the air reaches any cavities.

21
Q

What is an octave?

A

This is an indication of the interval between two frequencies. The intervals always maintain a ratio of 1:2; thus, each octave doubles a particular frequency. 200 Hz is one octave above 100 Hz, and 2000 Hz is one octave above 1000 Hz.

22
Q

What is sound?

A

This is a potentially auditable vibration or disturbance in the air that creates soundwaves.

23
Q

What is frequency?

A

It is the number of times a cycle of vibration repeats itself within a second

24
Q

What is a period?

A

This is the amount of time needed for a cycle to be completed.

25
Q

Fill in the blank: the normal ear of a young adult can respond to ___ Hz

A

20 - 20,000 Hz

26
Q

What does voice onset time refer to?

A

This refers to the time between the release of the stock consonants and the beginning of the vowel.

27
Q
A