Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards Preview

CVPR: CV Unit I > Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System Deck (11)
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1
Q

Structures involved in central control of ANS

A
  • Spinal cord
  • Brain stem (medulla oblongata)
  • Hypothalamus
  • Cerebral cortex
2
Q

Spinal cord role in ANS control

A
  • reflex changes in blood pressure
  • sweat production
  • micturition (urine production)
3
Q

Brain stem role in ANS control

A
  • Medulla oblongata controls:
  • blood pressure
  • respiration.
4
Q

Hypothalmus role in ANS control

A
  • principal locus of integration
  • body temperature
  • water balance
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • sexual reflexes
  • autonomic emotional responses
5
Q

Cerebral cortex role in ANS control

A
  • volitional changes
  • conditioned autonomic responses
6
Q

Primary neurotransmitters (+roles) & receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • Acetylcholine (ACh)
  • Preganglionic neurons release ACh
  • In the ganglia Ach interacts with _neuronal-type nicotinic cholinergic receptors _(NNRs or neuronal-type nAChRs).
  • Postganglionic neurons release AChIn the end organs Ach interacts with _muscarinic cholinergic receptors (_MRs or mAChRs).
7
Q

Primary neurotransmitters (+roles) & receptors of the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • Acetylcholine (ACh)
    • Preganglionic neurons release ACh
    • In the ganglia and adrenal medulla ACh interacts with neuronal-type nicotinic cholinergic receptors(NNRs).
  • Norepinephrine (NE)
    • Postganglionic neurons generally release the catecholamine NE.
    • Exceptions:
      • Adrenal medulla releases primarily epinephrine (EPI)
      • Postganglionic neurons innervating sweat glands release ACh.
      • Postganglionic neurons innervating renal vasculature release dopamine (DA).
    • @ end organs NE and EPI interact with a- and b-adrenergic receptors.
8
Q

Major divisions (+general goals) of ANS

A
  • Parasympathetic nervous system (“rest and digest”): general goal—conserve and restore energy
  • Sympathetic nervous system (“fight or flight”): generally discharges as a unit in response to an acute stress.
9
Q

General physiological response generated by parasympathetic nervous system (7)

A
  • ↑salivary gland secretion; ↑lacrimal gland secretion (tears); ↑bronchial gland secretion
  • miosis (constriction of the pupil; iris circular muscle) and accommodation (focusing for near vision; ciliary muscles)
  • ↓heart rate (bradycardia)
    • ↓conduction at the S-A node indirectly ↓blood pressure.
  • Constriction of bronchioles
  • ↑GI absorption; ↑GI motility; relaxation of sphincters; ↑GI secretions.
  • ↑urinary tract motility; relaxation of sphincters; bladder contraction.
10
Q

General physiological response generated by sympathetic nervous system (6)

A
  • ↑Heart rate (tachycardia); ↑force of cardiac contractility
  • ↑total peripheral resistance (vasoconstriction) resulting in ↑blood pressure.
  • ↑blood glucose; ↑lipolysis
  • Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil; iris radial muscle)
  • Dilation of bronchioles
  • controls of tone in blood vessels
11
Q

Mechanisms by which drugs alter activity of ANS (5)

A
  • Mimicking the neurotransmitter action
  • Blocking the neurotransmitter action
  • Changing the normal action of the neurotransmitter by altering:
    • Synthesis of the neurotransmitter
    • Release of the neurotransmitter
    • Inactivation of the neurotransmitter following release