Pituitary Pathology Flashcards
Which anterior pituitary hormones do basophils secrete?
Basophils FSH LH ACTH TSH
What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarusm
pituitary adenoma
what is the most common hormone overproduced by a pituitary adenoma?
prolactin
How do you determine what hormone is being secreted by an adenoma?
Immunohistochemical stain
Most common symptoms of pituitary adenoma
mass effects, spontaneous bleeding,
if prolactin then amenorrhea and galactorrhea
How is a prolactinoma treated?
DA receptor agonist or surgery
Compare and contrast gigantism and acromegaly?
gigantism - prepubertal - arms and legs very long
acromegaly - post-pubertal and see coarse face and enlarged stubby hands. Common to see DM, HTN, Arthritis and Gastrointestinal carcinoma (Andre the Giant)
What labs are used to dx a GH adenoma?
Increase GH (during spurt)
increase Insulin Growth Factor -1 (IGF-1)
GH unresponsive to glucose
What is the difference between Cushing syndrome and Cushing Disease?
Cushing disease is specifically caused by pituitary adenoma while cushing syndrome is just increased cortisol in blood
What are 5 causes of hypopituitarism?
- pituitary destruction
- ischemic necrosis
- empty sella syndrome
- pituitary apoplexy
- hypothalamic lesion
Name some causes of pituitary destruction
surgery/radiation or large adenoma
Describe pituitary apoplexy
sudden infarction of adenoma cause stroke like symptoms and can be fatal
What are some clinical findings of Hypopituitarism?
Symptoms are based on which hormone is lost. GH - muscle weakness/dwarfism. LH- menstruation abnormalities. Prolactin - cant lactate. Loss of TSH - hypothyroidism. Loss of ACTH - adrenal insufficiency
Name the 2 posterior pituitary syndromes?
Diabetes insipidus and SIADH
What labs are indiciative of diabetes insipidus?
dilute urine and increased serum osmolarity
