Plant Oils and their Uses Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Plant Oils and their Uses Deck (19)
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0
Q

Give some examples of commonly used oils

A

Sunflower oil
Olive oil
Oilseed rape
Palm kernel oil

1
Q

What are oils made from?

A

Fruit
Seeds
Nuts

2
Q

How can oil be extracted from plant materials?

A

Pressing
Distillation
Removes water and other impurities from plant material

3
Q

Are vegetable oils saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated because they contain double carbon-carbon bonds

4
Q

Why are vegetable oils important as foods and fuels?

A

They provide nutrients and lots of energy

5
Q

Why are vegetable oils used to cook foods?

A

They boil at higher temperatures than water therefore food can be cooked at higher temperatures, changing the texture and the taste of food
Increases energy food produces when eaten
Cooks food quicker

6
Q

What is a mixture of oil and water called?

A

An emulsion

7
Q

Give two examples of emulsions

A

Salad dressings

Ice cream

8
Q

Do oils dissolve in water?

A

No

9
Q

Why don’t emulsions stay together for very long?

A

Water particles clump together

Oil particles clump together

10
Q

What is an emulsifying agent?

A

Something that stops the separate layers from forming in an emulsion

11
Q

Why do emulsifiers work?

A

Different parts of the molecules are attracted to the different liquids
Heads are attracted to water
Tails are attracted to oil

12
Q

More double carbon-carbon bonds raises/lowers melting point of a substance

A

Lowers

13
Q

What happens when ethene and hydrogen are heated together in the presence of a nickel catalyst?

A

Reaction that removes double carbon-carbon bonds

Process is called HYDROGENATION

14
Q

What is hydrogenation used for?

A

Convert unsaturated hydrocarbons into more saturated hydrocarbons

15
Q

How is margarine made?

A

From unsaturated vegetable oils
Reacted with hydrogen
60°C
Presence of a nickel catalyst

16
Q

What is the disadvantage of hydrogenation to produce margarine?

A

Makes them less health to eat

17
Q

What are the advantages of using vegetable oils as fuels?

A

Cheaper than diesel or petrol
Virtually carbon neutral
No change to performance of a car
Renewable source

18
Q

What are the disadvantages of vegetable oils as fuels?

A

High cost of conversion kit
Unpleasant smell
Not currently available at petrol stations so more inconvenient
Large areas of land needed to grow crops