PlantDiversityILEC24 Flashcards

1
Q

Are seaweeds plants, protists, or a cyanobacteria?

A

they are large multicellular protists

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2
Q

How did seaweeds came to be?

A

they evolve from a protist that acquired a cyanbacteria endosymbiont over a billion years ago

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3
Q

Where did plants come/evolve from?

A

They evolve from red & green algae.
Those algaes are the closest relatives of land plants.
Plants are descendant of algae.

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4
Q

What is the general term, algae?

A

It means it is green.

Includes protists & some cyanobacteria, doesn’t include plants.

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5
Q

What have a red pigment that masks the green chlorophyll inside it?

A

€multicellular red algae

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6
Q

We get agar from boiling algae. What do we use it for?

A

We use it in labs & gummy food products.

Ex. jello & icecream

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7
Q

What are some examples of red algae?

A

・€Dulse, we can eat it by itself

・€Coralline algae, contain calcium carbonate skeleton like us. Form pink beaches when they die & broken up by waves

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8
Q

What is another word for green algae (seaweeds)? What are some examples?

A

・€Chlorophytes

・€Volvox, Sea lettuce, & Caulerpa

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9
Q

What is a Volvox?

A

chlorophyte colonies that will release daughter colonies. They are called the death star, due to their beauty under the microscope. A Volvox cell can’t survive by itself.

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10
Q

What is a Sea lettuce?

A

edible multicellular seaweed

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11
Q

What is a Caulerpa?

A

・€one huge “supercell”

・€each blades is a single cell with many nucli inside, similar to the slime mold/mycetozoans

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12
Q

Where do single cell green algae (chlorophytes) live in?

A

・€most in fresh water, others in damp soil or in snow

・€also live in Seattle

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13
Q

What are brown algae? What is another name for it?

Ex. kelp

A

・€the largest, most complex algae

・€phaeophytes

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14
Q

What have the most complex anatomy of all protists?

A

seaweeds, many are food for humans like nori

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15
Q

What are kelps? Where do they live? How much do they grow?

A

・€giant seaweeds
・€deep parts of the ocean
・€grow 2 feet per day

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16
Q

How long was earth’s surface lifeless as the moon?

A

for the first 3 billion years of earth’s history

17
Q

What do plants do for us?

A
  • suppy oxygen
  • suppy food
  • form soil when dead
  • create rich soils with roots
  • slow down erosion with roots
18
Q

True or False? Forests can make rain.

A

TRUE

19
Q

When & what colonized moist areas on land?

A

・€1.2 bya

・€first thin coatings of cyanobacteria, only life on earth for a long time

20
Q

When did eukaryotes colonized the land?

A

500 mya

21
Q

What are the closet relatives of land plants?

A

green algae called charophyceans

22
Q

What open the way to land colonization?

A

adaptations in 1 population of charophyceans which helped them survive drying habitats

23
Q

Plants have diversified into how many species?

A

roughly 290,000 or more, one would be the Tasmania forest

24
Q

What is the difference between plants & algae?

A

only plants have Apical meristems & Alternation of generations
PLANT’S DERIVED CHARACTER
waxy outer cuticle & toxic 2ndary compounds
Ex. nicatin, caffine, cocaine

25
Q

What are Apical meristems?

A

regions of cell division at the tips of shoots & roots, we eat them

26
Q

What are the 2 body forms of the Alternation of generations?

A

diploid sporophyte(makes spores) & haploid gametophyte(makes gametes)

27
Q

When were the fossilized plant spores found? What did they gave rise to?

A

・€475mya in rocks of Oman

・€diversity of modern plants

28
Q

What is an example of evolution of life through history of invasions?

A

when cyanobacteria started getting pushed into margins