Type of nerve that carries information away from the CNS
Efferent
Type of nerve that carries information to the CNS
Afferent
Visceral and somatic afferent nerves are found in this part of the spinal cord
Posterior horn
Visceral efferent nerves are found in this part of the spinal cord
Lateral horn
Sensory efferent nerves are found in this area of the spinal cord
Anterior horn
Sensory receptor involved with taste, smell, pH and metabolite concentrations
Chemoreceptors
Retinal visual receptors
Photoreceptors
These receptors respond to physical stimuli
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors respond to this
Pain
These receptors help determine where you are in relation to space
Proprioreceptors
These encapsulates receptors detect muscle length
Muscle spindles
Encapsulated receptors that detect muscle tension
Golgi tendon organs
The caudal end of the spinal cord
Conus medullaris
Where do the dorsal rootlets enter the spinal cord?
Posterolateral sulcus
These rootlets leave the spinal cord at the anterolateral sulcus
Ventral
The two sides of the spinal cord communicate through this area
Anterior white commissure
Where the axons from the DRG enter the spinal cord
Posterior intermediate sulcus
Where axons leave the anterior horn
Anterolateral sulcus
The posterior intermediate sulcus is only found above this spinal level
T6
Sensory fibers arising from the leg are found here
Fasiculus gracilis
The fasciculus cuneatus supplies sensory fibers to here
Arm
Part of the spinal cord that is involved with pain and temperature
Substantia gelatinosa
Lissauer’s tract contains this
Finely mylienated and unmyleinated fibers
Medial neuronal clusters in the anterior horn innervate these muscles
Axial
The limb muscles are found in this area of the anterior horn
Lateral clusters
Injuries to this area of the spinal cord causes the patient to not be able to breathe, and so are very dangerous
C3, C4, C5 (High spinal cord)
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are all located in this section of the spinal cord
T1-L3
Collection of neurons on the medial surface of the intermediate gray matter from T1-L2
Clarke’s nucleus
What is the function of Clarke’s nucleus
Relay for transmission of info to the cerebellum and proprioceptive info from leg
This anchor the spinal cord laterally so it does not move side to side
Denticulate ligaments
This ancholrs the conus medullaris to the end of the dural sheath and then to the coccyx
Filum terminale
This reflex does not involve interneurons
Stretch reflex
This artery feeds the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord
Anterior spinal artery
this artery anastamoses with the Anterior spinal artery at about T12
Artery of Adamkiewicz
This system controls visceral activity
ANS
Neurotransmitter that is used in both parasympathetic and the first synapse in sympathetics
Achetylcoline
This neurotransmitter is used in the 2nd sympathetic synapse (usually)
Norepinephrine
What is the exception for sympathetics using NE as 2nd synapse
Sweat glands, they use Ach for both
Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system are located here
T1-L2/3
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located here
Brainstem and sacral cord
Where CN III preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are located
Edinger-Wesphal nucleus
Where the cell bodies of CN III post ganglionic fibers are located
Cilliary ganglion
Post ganglionic fibers of CN VII that go the the lacrimal gland are located here
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Preganglionic fibers of CN IX are found here
Inferior salivatory nucleus
The otic ganglion is where these are located
Posterior ganglion of CN IX
Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies serving the GI tract are found here
Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
The nucleus ambiguous has preganglionic cell bodies that serve this organ
Heart
The axons of the vagal nerve fibers terminate here
Wall of target tissue
Sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies are found here
Gray communicating ramus
Thw white communicating ramus contains these
Preganglionic sympathetic nerves
Post ganglionic fibers reach the head via this
Cervical ganglia and Carotid plexus
Horner syndrome is characterized by these symptoms
Ptosis
Miosis
Endophthalmos
Anhydrosis
Horner syndrome is caused by this
Apically situated lung cancer
Pain from viscera perceived as arising from the surface
Referred pain