Popliteal Fossa and Leg Flashcards Preview

Anatomy - BB Exam 2 > Popliteal Fossa and Leg > Flashcards

Flashcards in Popliteal Fossa and Leg Deck (32)
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1
Q

where do popliteal abscesses spread?

A

superiorly and inferiorly b/c of the toughness of popliteal fascia

2
Q

palpation of popliteal pulse

A

can be difficult - Pt in prone position w knee flexed - feel in inferior part of the fossa where popliteal artery is related to tibia

3
Q

what does weakening or loss of popliteal pulse indicate?

A

femoral artery obstruction

4
Q

popliteal aneurysm

A

abnormal dilation of all or part of the popliteal artery - causes edema and pain in popliteal fossa

5
Q

how to distinguish popliteal aneurysm from other masses

A

palpable pulsations (thrills) and abnormal arterial sounds (bruits) detected w/ stethoscope

6
Q

referred pain from popliteal aneurysm

A

compresses tibial nerve - referred pain to skin over medial aspect of calf, ankle, or foot

7
Q

arteriovenous fistula

A

communication b/w an artery and a vein

8
Q

how can blood bypass a ligated femoral artery to reach the popliteal fossa?

A

through the genicular anastamosis

9
Q

causes of injury to tibial nerve

A
  • posterior dislocation of the knee joint

- deep lacerations in fossa

10
Q

severance of tibial nerve

A
  • paralysis of flexor muscles in the leg and intrinsic muscles in the sole of the foot
  • can’t plantarflex ankle or flex toes
  • lose sensation on sole of foot
11
Q

containment and spread of compartmental infections in leg

A
  • in ant and post: spreads distally

- in lat: can ascend proximally into the popliteal fossa

12
Q

shin splints

A

edema and pain in the area of the distal 2/3 of the tibia from repetitive microtrauma of the tibialis anterior (mild form of anterior compartment syndrome)

13
Q

unique features of human foot

A

stand more pronated b/c of:

  • medial migration of distal attachment of fibularis longus across sole of foot
  • development of a fibularis tertius attached to base of 5th metacarpal
14
Q

what is the most common nerve injured in the lower limb?

A

common fibular nerve - due to superficial position

15
Q

severance of common fibular nerve

A

flaccid paralysis of all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg (dorsiflexors of ankle and evertors of foot)

16
Q

footdrop

A

loss of dorsiflexion of ankle

17
Q

3 ways to compensate for a limb that is too long

A
  1. waddling gait
  2. swing-out gait
  3. steppage gait
18
Q

sound associated with footdrop

A

clop - due to foot slapping on the ground - more shock to forefoot and up tibia to knee

19
Q

sensation loss w/ common fibular nerve lesion

A
  • anterolateral aspect of leg

- dorsum of foot

20
Q

ski boot syndrome

A

deep fibular nerve entrapment -where nerve passes deep to the inferior extensor retinaculum and extensor hallucis brevis (also due to tight shoes)

21
Q

what can produce recurrent stretching of the superficial fibular nerve?

A

chronic ankle sprains

22
Q

calcaneal tendinitis

A

inflammation of Achilles tendon

23
Q

most severe acute muscular problem of leg

A

rupture of Achilles (calcaneal) tendon

  • no plantarflexion against resistance
  • excessive passive dorsiflexion
  • bruising in malleolar region
  • lump in calf (shortened triceps surae)
24
Q

calcaneal tendon reflex

A

= ankle jerk reflex = triceps surae reflex

  • normal: plantarflexion of ankle joint
  • tests S1 and S2 nerve roots
25
Q

stance during absence of plantarflexion

A

rotated foot as far laterally as possible - to allow a more effective push off through hip and knee extension exerted at midfoot

26
Q

tennis leg

A

gastrocnemius strain - painful acute injury from partial tearing of the medial belly of the gastrocnemius at/near it’s musculotendinous jxn

27
Q

calcaneal bursitis

A

retro-achilles bursitis - inflammation of the deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon

  • pain posterior to heel
  • caused by excessive friction on the bursa as tendon continuously slides over it
28
Q

musculovenous pump

A
  • blood pumped superiorly in deep veins by contraction of calf muscles
  • improved by deep fascia that invests muscles like an elastic stocking
29
Q

accessory soleus

A

appears as a distal belly medial to the calcaneal tendon - can cause pain and edema during prolonged exercise

30
Q

palpation of posterior tibial pulse

A

b/w the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and the medial border of the calcaneal tendon - have Pt invert foot to relax retinaculum

31
Q

why are both posterior tibial pulses taken simultaneously?

A

for equality of force - needed for diagnosis of occlusive peripheral arterial disease

32
Q

intermittent claudication

A

presents w/ leg pain and cramps during walking that disappears w/ rest - from ischemia of leg muscles caused by narrowing or occlusion of the leg arteries