Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Function of proteins

A

make up large part of structures important for moving

Involved in defence mechanisms in our body

Some interact with carbohydrates and are important for cell to cell signalling

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2
Q

Polypeptide

A

Monomers put together

Covalently bound to each other through a condensation reaction

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3
Q

Primary structure

A

Unique sequence of amino acids

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4
Q

Secondary structures

A

Alpha helix: amino and carboxyl groups are attached by peptide bonds, r groups stick out from the helix

Beta sheets: made up of parallel protein strands with hydrogen bonds formed between the carboxyl and amino groups

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5
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Forms because of interactions between r groups

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6
Q

Quaternary structures

A

Association of different polypeptide subunits to form protein

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7
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

Surrounds the nucleus and separates the cytoplasm from the nucleus

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8
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Special sequence allows ribosome to be bound to ER
Once the signal sequence occurs it binds a signal recognition particle receptor in the ER membrane
polypeptide can continue to be translated an can enter lumen of ER
Signal sequences are removed and polypeptide undergoes important changes
Some proteins stay in ER

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9
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Proteins are transported in vesicles that pinch off from the ER
Able to fuse with the Golgi and deposit its contents in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus
Further protein modification occurs which could include adding a carbohydrate
Some proteins will continue to travel down endomembrane system

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10
Q

Lysosomes

A

Another place that the proteins can be transported to

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11
Q

Motor proteins

A

Can attach to a transport vesicle and then walk along the microtubules

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12
Q

SRP

A

Allows for the ribosome to bind to the SRP receptor on the ER membrane
Peptide is released into the ER for further modification

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