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Psychiatry pro +1700 > Psychiatric Disorders > Flashcards

Psychiatric Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two psychiatric disorders?

A
  • Bipolar

- Schizophrenia

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2
Q

What were the four A’s of psychosis?

A
  • Autism
  • Apathy
  • Associations (loose)
  • Affect (flat)
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3
Q

What are the first rank symptoms of psychosis?

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Hearing voices
  • Thought withdrawl
  • Imposed feelings/impulses
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4
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia? (5) How many are needed?

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucination
  • Disorganized thinking/speech
  • Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
  • Negative symptoms

-1 or more

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5
Q

What are delusions?

A

Fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence

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6
Q

What are persecutory delusions?

A

Harmed or harassed by individual or group

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7
Q

What are referential delusions?

A

Gestures, comments, environmental cues are directed at oneself

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8
Q

What are grandiose delusions?

A

Individuals believe that they have exceptional abilities of wealth or fame

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9
Q

What are erotomanic delusions?

A

Individuals believes falsely that another person is in love with them

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10
Q

What are nihilistic deulsions?

A

Involve a conviction that a major catastrophe will occur

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11
Q

What are somatic delusions?

A

Preoccupation regarding health and organ function

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12
Q

In what mental health disorder is somatic delusions common in?

A

MDD

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13
Q

What is the age distribution of MDD

A

Bimodal–20s and 60s

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14
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimuli

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15
Q

What are auditory hallucinations?

A

Voices distinct from an individual’s thoughts

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16
Q

What is disorganized speech? What must be present in order to diagnose this correctly?

A

Inferred from the individual’s speech and it must impair communication

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17
Q

What is derailments or loose association speech?

A

Switching from topic to topic

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18
Q

What is tangentiality or loose association speech?

A

Answers to questions obliquely related or unrelated

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19
Q

What is incoherence or loose association speech?

A

“word salad”–Severely disorganized resembling receptive aphasia

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20
Q

What are the grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviors? When in particular are the noticeable?

A

Behavior that manifests in a variety of ways from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitations.

Problems may be noted in any form of goal directed behavior including performing ADLs

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21
Q

Why do schizophrenics smell bad?

A

They have a disturbed sense of smell

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22
Q

What is negativism catatonia?

A

Resistance to instruction

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23
Q

What is mutism and stupor catatonia?

A

Ridigs, inappropriate or bizarre posture to a complete lack of verbal or motor responses

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24
Q

What is catatonic excitment?

A

Purposeless and excessive motor activity without an obvious cause

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25
Q

True or false: catatonia can occur in bipolar, depressive, or other medical conditions

A

True

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26
Q

Are echolalia and coprolalia forms of catatonia?

A

Yes

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27
Q

What are the negative symptoms of psychosis?

A

Diminished emotional expression–reductions in the expression of emotions in face, eye contact and intonation of speech

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28
Q

What is avolition?

A

Decrease in motivated self initiated purposeful activities

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29
Q

What is alogia?

A

Diminished speech output–sometimes to the point of mutism

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30
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli or degradation in the recollection of pleasure previously experienced

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31
Q

What is asociality?

A

Lack of interest in social interactions

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32
Q

What is schizotypal disorder?

A

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort or inability to have close relationships, as well as cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior

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33
Q

What are the 8 diagnostic criteria for schizotypal disorder?

A
  • Idea of reference
  • Odd beliefs or magical thinking
  • Unusual perceptual experience, including body illusions
  • Odd thinking or speech
  • Suspicious or paranoid ideation
  • Inappropriate or constricted affect
  • Behavior or appearance that is odd
  • Lacks close friends
  • Extensive social anxiety
34
Q

Can schizotypal disorders occur in the presence of other mental health disorders like bipolar, or other psychotic disorders?

A

No

35
Q

What are the associated features of schizotypal disorder?

A
  • Present with depression

- Stress leads to very brief transient psychosis

36
Q

What percent of pts with schizotypal disorder have at least one episode of MDD?

A

50%

37
Q

What percent of pts with schizotypal disorder are diagnosed with MDD when admitted?

A

30-50%

38
Q

True or false: most schizotypal disorders are stable, with only a small proportion go on to become schizophrenic or psychotic

A

True

39
Q

When do schizotypal disorders first begin to manifest?

A

Childhood and adolescence

40
Q

True or false: most schizotypal disorders are more common in males

A

True

41
Q

What is the criteria for delusional disorders? (2)

A
  • Presence of one or more delusions of 1 month or longer

- Hallucinations are not prominent and related to the delusion

42
Q

True or false: in order to correctly diagnose delusional disorders, functioning cannot be markedly impaired

A

True

43
Q

True or false: in order to correctly diagnose delusional disorders, the disturbance is attributable to physiological effect of a substance of another medial condition

A

False

44
Q

In order to correctly diagnose delusional disorders, what must be true of any manic or depressive episodes the pt had?

A

Must have been brief in relationship to the duration of the delusional period

45
Q

What is the most frequent sub type of delusional disorders?

A

persecutory

46
Q

True or false: the jealous type of delusional disorders is more common in females than males

A

False–other way around

47
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for brief psychotic disorders? (4)

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganized speech
  • Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
48
Q

What is the min and max duration of s/sx to be diagnosed with a brief psychotic disorder?

A

At least 1 day, but not more than 1 month, with eventual return to premorbid functioning

49
Q

True or false: to diagnose brief psychotic disorder, the disturbance must not be better explained by a MDD or bipolar disorder

A

True

50
Q

What is the relative level of impairment with brief psychotic disorders?

A

Severe

51
Q

True or false: the risk of suicidality in brief psychotic disorders are not increased relative to the general population

A

False–increased in the acute episode

52
Q

What is the prevalence of brief psychotic disorders, as a percentage of all first onset psychoses?

A

9% of first onset psychoses

53
Q

What is the timeframe of brief psychotic disorders in developing countries? Developed?

A

1-6 months as opposed to 1 month in developed countries

54
Q

True or false: brief psychotic disorders are more common in females

A

True–2x

55
Q

What is the development and course of brief psychotic disorders?

A

Appear in adolescence and early adulthood with onset possible across the entire lifetime

56
Q

What is the average age of onset for brief psychotic disorders?

A

mid 30s

57
Q

In order to diagnose brief psychotic disorders, the individual must return to full premorbid functioning within what timeframe?

A

one month, but it may occur in a few days

58
Q

What is the rate or relapse with brief psychotic disorders?

A

High rates of relapse, but excellent outcomes in terms of function and s/sx

59
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for schizophreniform disorder?

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucination
  • Disorganized speech
  • Disorganized behavior
  • Negative symptoms
60
Q

How many of the diagnostic criteria must be present to diagnose schizophreniform disorder? What is the timeframe?

A

2 or more present for a significant time during a 1 month period, but less than 6 months

61
Q

Can you diagnose schizophreniform disorder if it is 2/2 drug use?

A

No

62
Q

What is the incidence of schizophreniform disorder?

A

5x less than that of schizophrenia

63
Q

What is the development and course of schizophreniform disorders?

A

1/3 recover in 6 months and the other 2/3 go on to have schizophrenia

64
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia? (5)

A
  • Delusion
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganized speech
  • Disorganized behavior
  • Negative symptoms
65
Q

How long must s/sx of schizophrenia last for to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A

2 symptoms for at least 1 month

66
Q

What must happen to the functioning of schizophrenic pts to diagnose them?

A

1 area must be below pre onset level

67
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in terms of duration of symptoms?

A

Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months, with 1 month of active symptoms

68
Q

What must be done prior to diagnosing schizophrenia?

A

Cannot be attributed to bipolar or other disorder

69
Q

Do schizophrenics usually have insight into their disease? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

No–but this is not a coping strategy

Anosognosia predicts non-adherence to treatment and poorer outcomes

70
Q

True or false: negative s/sx of schizophrenia are most common in females

A

false–males

71
Q

True or false: mood symptoms and brief presentation show equal risk among both sexes

A

True

72
Q

What is the usual age of onset of schizophrenia?

A

late teens - 30s

73
Q

What percent of schizophrenia complain of depressive symptoms?

A

50%

74
Q

What percent of schizophrenics have a good outcome?

A

20%

75
Q

What is the major issue with chronic marijuana use?

A

Impairs frontal lobes

76
Q

True or false: psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia tend to increase over the life of the individual

A

False- tend to diminish

77
Q

Do children have more auditory or visual hallucinations with schizophrenia?

A

Visual

78
Q

True or false: schizophrenia is more common in urban areas

A

True

79
Q

What, generally, is schizophreniform disorder?

A

a mental disorder diagnosed when symptoms of schizophrenia are present for a significant portion of the time within a one-month period, but signs of disruption are not present for the full six months required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia

80
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia?

A

0.3-0.7%

Psychiatry pro +1700 (28 decks)

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