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Flashcards in psychopharmacology Deck (17)
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1
Q

effects of psychoactive drugs

A

agonists:
direct: similar to neurotransmitter
indirect: facilitate action of neurotransmitter

2
Q

Anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, delayed ejaculation

tolerance develops within a few weeks-months

3
Q

Extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics

A

parkinsonism, akathisia (motor restlessness), acute dystonia, tardive dyskinesia (TD may not be permanent)

4
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

rare, potentially fatal side effect of antipsychotic drugs

rapid onset of motor, mental, and autonomic symptoms - muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hyperthermia, altered consciousness

5
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

clozapine

schizophrenia and BP that has not responded to a mood stabilizer, depression and suicidality, alcohol and drug addiction, hostility, and motor sx of hunting tons and parkinson’s

slower onset of therapeutic effects
agranulocytosis (less WBC)

6
Q

Tricyclics

A

amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine

classic depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, bulimia, OCD (esp clomipramine), enuresis, neuropathic pain

7
Q

most serious side effect of tricyclics

A

cardiotoxic

OD can be lethal - prescribe in small quantities for suicidal

8
Q

SSRIs

A

fluoxetine (prozac)

when given in conjunction with MAOI - serotonin syndrome: neurological effects, changes in mental state, and cardiac arrhythmia

9
Q

MAOIs

A

non endogenous and atypical depression - anxiety, reversed vegetative symptoms and interpersonal sensitivity

10
Q

most dangerous side effect of MAOI

A

hypertensive crisis - ca occur when taken with barbiturates, amphetamines, antihistamines or drugs/foods containing amino acid tyramine

sx of tyramine induced crisis: headache, stiff neck, rapid heart rate, nausea, vomitting, sweating, sensitivity to light

11
Q

mood stabilizing drugs

A

lithium – drug of choice for BP
re: reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

side effects: GI (subside in a few weeks)

sensitive to sodium levels

12
Q

major danger of lithium

A

toxicity - when dose is too high

diarrhea, ataxia, drowsiness, slurred speech, confusion, coarse tremor

13
Q

anticonvulsant drug

A

Carbamazepine - can be effective for mania “rapid cyclers” and dysphoric mania

affect serotonin levels

14
Q

sedative-hypnotics

A

barbiturates, anxiolytics, alcohol
low dose: reduce arousal and motor activity
moderate: sedation and seep
high: anesthesia, coma, death

chronic use-> tolerance, dependence,

combining anxiolytic with a barbiturate or alcohol = lethal

cross tolerance can develop

15
Q

benzodiazepine

A

most widely used psychiatric medication

relieve anxiety, sleep disturbances, seizures, CP, alcohol withdrawal

GABA

16
Q

narcotic-analgesics

A

opioids

17
Q

naltrexone

A

anti alcohol drug - blocks craving for and reinforcing effects of alcohol