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Flashcards in Pulm Deck (13)
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1
Q

Asthma

A

Def: bronchospasm of lungs causing reversible airway obstruction

SS:
Weeze
cough
dyspnea
chest tightness
FEV1/FVC will return with bronchodilator

Eval:
spirometry

Txt:
SABA (albuterol 2 puffs q4-6 hrs)
SABA + low-dose ICS (fluticasone 110 mcg bid)
SABA + low-dose ICS + LABA (salmeterol)

2
Q

COPD

A

Def: emphysema & bronchitis

SS:
pink puffer (emphysema) - 
dyspnea
quiet lungs
thin
barrel chest
hyperventilating
blue bloater (bronchitis) -
productive cough
rhonchi/wheeze
peripheral edema
overweight
cyanotic

Eval:
spirometry

Txt:
anticholinergic (tiotropium - 18 mcg DPI qd)
fluticasone
albuterol
prednisone
3
Q

Pneumonia

A

Def: inflammation of lung parenchyma (LRTI)

SS:
cough and sputum
fever
chest pain
dyspnea
rales
PORT
CURB-65 (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure)

Eval:
WBC
CBC
CXR shows lobular infiltrates

Txt:
Azithromycin 500 mg, 250 mg 2-5 days
inpatient - levofloxacin

4
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

Def: clot causing loss of blood to part of lung

SS:
chest pain
dyspnea
hemoptysis
tachypnea
edema
Eval:
CBC
EKG-S1Q3T3
CT
V/Q
D-dimer
Wells criteria

Txt:
supportive
heparin

5
Q

Pertussis

A

Def: excessive coughing with forced inspiratory causing whoop sound

SS:
viral URI - fever, nose, eye
cough with inspiratory whoop

Eval:
Culture
PCR
Serology

Txt:
erythromycin 500 mg po q6h x 14 days

6
Q

Influenza

A

Def: viral infection

SS:
fever
chills
body aches
cough
HA

Eval:
clinical

Txt:
Tamiflu - 75 mg bid x 5 days

7
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Def: fluid accumulation between visceral and parietal pleura

SS:
dyspnea

Eval:
CXR shows loss of costovertebral angle and Kerley B lines;
Light’s criteria to determine transudate vs exudate

txt:
thoracentesis

8
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Def: air in lung space

SS:
dyspnea
cough
chest pain

Eval:
CXR
hyperresonance on percussion

Txt:
oxygen
chest tube

9
Q

Pleuritis

A

Def: inflammation of pleura

SS:
chest pain
SOB
cough

Eval:
CXR
CBC
pulse ox
exclusion

Txt:
NSAID

10
Q

TB

A

Def: infection in lungs that can lie dorminant

SS:
cough
hemoptysis
chest pain
night sweats
fever

Eval:
TST
Quantiferon

Txt:
Rifampin
Isoniazid

11
Q

Respiratory acidosis/alkolosis

A

acid:
ph less than 7.35
CO2 greater than 45
HCO3 22 -26

alkolosis:
ph greater than 7.45
CO2 less than 35
HCO3 22-26

12
Q

Metabolic acidosis/alkolosis

A

acid:
ph less than 7.35
CO2 35-45
HCO3 less than 22

alkolosis:
ph greater than 7.45
CO2 35-45
HCO3 greater than 26

13
Q

Acute Bronchitis

A

Def: inflammation of bronchi

SS:
cough with purulent sputum
nose
fever
muscle aches
dyspnea
wheeze

Eval:
clinical

Txt:
supportive