Pulmonary Anatomy and Phys Flashcards Preview

A - Board Reveiew Misc > Pulmonary Anatomy and Phys > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pulmonary Anatomy and Phys Deck (26)
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1
Q

Which part of the lungs has the least ammount of airway resistance?

A

The bronchioles

2
Q

When does cartilage and goblet cells end in the lungs?

A

At the bronchi

3
Q

Describe the cell type of the lungs

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells extend to beginning of terminal bronchioles and then transitions to cuboidal cells.

4
Q

which portions of the lung conduct respiration?

A

Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli

Mostly cuboidal until you reach the alveolae and then its squamous.

5
Q

What are type I pneumocytes?

A

make up the majority of the alveoli are thin for gas transfer.

6
Q

What are type II pneumocytes?

A

These are surfactant secreting cells that decrease alveolar surface tension.

7
Q

What are club (clara) cells?

A

These are nonciliated low columnar cells in the lungs that secrete a component of surfactant, degrade toxins and act as reserve cells.

8
Q

What is the equation for collapsing pressure?

A

Collapsing pressure = 2 (surface tension) / Radius

9
Q

The smaller the alveoli the …. it is to collapse

A

The more likely it is to collapse

10
Q

Describe the number of right and left lung lobes

A

Right lung has three lobes

Left lung has two lobes and a lingula.

11
Q

Which lung is the most common site for inhaled bodies?

A

Right lung because the right main stem bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left.

12
Q

Describe the relation of the pulmonary artery to the bronchus at each lung hilum

A

RALS

Right anterior, Left Superior.

13
Q

While sitting upright if you aspirate a peanut where will it end up?

A

right inferior portion of the lower lobe

14
Q

While sitting supine if you asprate a peanut where will it end up?

A

Right superior portion of the lower lobe.

15
Q

Describe the structures that peforate the diaphragm

A

I Ate Ten Eggs At Noon

IVC at T8
Esophagus at T10
Descending aorta at T12 (and azygous vein/ thoracic duct)

16
Q

What nerve levels make up the phrenic nerve?

A

C3,4,5

“3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive”

17
Q

At what level does the common carotid Bifurcate?

A

Bifourcates at C4

18
Q

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

It Bifourcates at T4

19
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

It bifourcates at L4

20
Q

what is methemoglobin?

A

Oxidized form of Hb (Feric iron)
Does not bind O2 as readily.

Think of cyanosis and chocolate colored blood.
Nitrites and thiosulfate to treat cyanide poisoning can cause this.

21
Q

How does one treat methemoglobinemia?

A

Methylene blue

22
Q

What is carboxyhemoglobin?

A

Form of Hb bound to CO in place of O2

Causes decreased O2 binding capacity with left shift in Oxygen hemogobin curve.

23
Q

What is special to how pulmonary arteries react to low O2 content?

A

Instead of vasodilating like the rest of the body they vasoconstrict to divert away from low O2 areas.

24
Q

Jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly, edema

A

Cor pulmone
or
right sided heart failure.

25
Q

Why does tuberculosis thrive in the apex of the lung?

A

Because there is a very high ventilation rate at the apex with very little perfusion.

26
Q

What three forms is CO2 transfered in the blood as?

A

Most is HCO3-
Carbaminohemoglobin or HbCO2 (5%)
and
Dissolved CO2 –> 5%

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