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Respiratory 2 > Pulmonary Infections- Path > Flashcards

Pulmonary Infections- Path Flashcards

1
Q

This is the patchy consolidation of the lung with focal consolidated areas of acute suppurative inflammation.

A

Lobular bronchopneumonia

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2
Q

What is the main cause to lobular bronchopneumonia, bacterial or viral?

A

bacterial

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3
Q

The bacterial infection to cause bronchopneumonia causes what characteristic of the exudate?

A

supporative, neutrophil-rich that fills the bronchi, bronchioles, and adjacent alveolar spaces

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4
Q

This is fibrinosuppurative consolidation of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe.

A

Lobar PNA

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5
Q

What are the 4 stages of the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A
  1. congestion
  2. red hepatization
  3. gray hepatization
  4. resolution
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6
Q

What happens during the congestion stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

edema with lots of bacteria

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7
Q

What happens during the red hepatization stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

lots of neutrophils, BLOOD, liver-like change in lung

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8
Q

What happens during the gray hepatization stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

progressive disintigration of red cells and fibrinosuppurative exudate

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9
Q

What happens during the resolution stage in the inflammatory response in lobar PNA?

A

consolidation of exudate, results in fibrous thickening or permanent adhesions

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10
Q

Which cells cause the regeneration of the lung tissue in the resolution stage of lubar PNA?

A

Type II pneumocytes

the stem cells of the lung

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11
Q

For community-aacquired PNA, what typically causes a bacterial infection?

A

A previous viral infection

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of community-acquired PNA?

A

Strep pneumo

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13
Q

What shows on sputum culture for strep pneumo infections?

A

lancet-shaped diplococci

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14
Q

These are gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria with pili that causes community-acquired PNA.

A

H. influenza

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15
Q

H. influenza secretes a factor that disorganizes ciliary beating and a protease that degrades which Ab?

A

IgA

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16
Q

What is the life-threatening condition in kids that;s a manifestation of H. inflenzae?

A

meningitis

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17
Q

True or false: H. influenza is a common cause of otitis media.

A

True

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18
Q

True or false: H. influenza is a common cause of pink eye.

A

True

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19
Q

What is present on the H. influenza bacterium that secretes haemocin and allows survival in the bloodstream by preventing opsonization and phagocytosis?

A

Capsule

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20
Q

Which serotype of H. influenza is the most common cuase severe invasive disease?

A

type b

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21
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes bacterial PNA in which pts?

A

elderly

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22
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes which problem in kids?

A

Otitis media

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary PNA?

A

S. aureus

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24
Q

What is a common complication of S. aureus infections?

A

lung abscesses and empyema

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25
Q

People who do what are at risk for S. aureus infections?

A

drugs

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26
Q

I feel like

A

I havent told a story in a while, so here’s my story about being vegan.

in postbac i decided to try to be vegan for a month to see what it’s like. so i dumped everything dairy and meaty and went cold-turkey vegan (no pun intended). so it was weird- went to wegmans, got all the fancy food, ate my salads and almond milk, drank my protein shakes, and went hard for 3 weeks. finally after the 3 weeks i was at coffee culture studying and had yellow diarrhea. I decided then to drop this diet and go regular again. it was glorious. didn’t make the month. still donno what causes yellow diarrhea.

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27
Q

CF patients are at risk for PNA from which bug?

A

P. aeruginosa

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28
Q

This is the bug that can cause PNA in immunocompromised pts and organ transplant recipients and is from inhaling the organisms from artificial water environments.

A

Legionella pneumophilia

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29
Q

What are the 2 bugs to cause lobar PNA?

A 
Strep pneumo (95%)
Klebsiella pneumo
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30
Q

Who is at risk for klebsiella infections?

A

aspiration risk people (elderly, alcoholics)

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31
Q

What are the 5 bugs to cause bronchopneumonia?

A 
S. aureus
H. influenza
P. aeruginosa
Moraxella catarrhalis
Legionella pneumophilia
32
Q

Atypical PNA is located where in the lung?

A

interstitum

33
Q

What are the Sx to interstitial PNA (atypical)?

A

URT Sx, no sputum, cough, low fever

34
Q

What is in the air sacs in interstitial PNA?

A

nothing

35
Q

What is in the interstitum in interstitial PNA?

A

WBC

36
Q

What is the most common cuase of atypical PNA?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

37
Q

Who is at risk for M. pneumoniae infections?

A

children and young adults (college kids)

38
Q

How can Mycoplasma pneumo cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

IgM against I Ag on RBCs –> cold hemolytic anemia

39
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of atypical PNA in young adults?

A

Chlamydia poneymoniae

40
Q

What is the most common cause of aypical PNA in infants?

A

RSV

41
Q

What is the most common cause of atypical PNA in posttransplant pts?

A

CMV

42
Q

What is the most common cause of atypical PNA in the elderly, immunocompromised, or those with pre-existing lung disease?

A

Influenza virus

43
Q

This is the rikettsial-like organism that causes atypical PNA with a HIGH fever (Q fever).

A

Coxiella burnetii

44
Q

Who is at risk for coxiella burnetii infections?

A

Farmers (it comes from cows)

45
Q

What are the 3 bugs are the biggest causes of hospital-acquired PNA?

A

Gram negative rods (enterobacteriacae and Pseudomonas)

S. aureus

46
Q

What are the 3 bugs that are the biggest contributors to aspiration PNA?

A

Bacteriodes, fusiform and peptococcus

47
Q

What is a common complication to aspiration PNA?

A

Abscesses

48
Q

What happens in a pulmonary abscess?

A

there is local suppurative destruction with necrosis, forming a central cavitation

49
Q

Where in the lung is the most common place for aspiration-induced lung abscesses?

A

R lower lobe

50
Q

What are signs of a lung abscess?

A

cough, fever, foul/blood sputum, clubbing

51
Q

Septic emboli from lung abscesses may cause what 2 conditions?

A
  1. brain abscesses/meningitis

2. secondary amyloidosis

52
Q

Who typically gets chronic PNA?

A

immunocompromised (IC) patients

53
Q

The inflammatory rxn in chronic PNA causes what formation?

A

Granulomas

54
Q

What are the 3 fungi to cause granulomatous diseases of the lung?

A

Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Coccidiooidomycosis

55
Q

What similiar characterisitic do all the granulomatous disease fungi share?

A

Thermally dimorphic

56
Q

Where is histoplasma capsulatum found?

A

OH/MI river basins

57
Q

What is the reservoir for histoplasma capsulatum?

A

soil with bird/bat poop that contians spores

58
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular parasite of which WBC?

A

Macropahge

59
Q

What is shown on CXR for self-limited and latent primary pulmonary involvement of H. capsulatum?

A

Coin lesions

60
Q

Chronic, secondary lung disease from H. capsulatum causes what Sx?

A

cough, fever, night sweats

61
Q

Who gets disseminated disease from H. capsulatum?

A

IC pts

62
Q

Immunocompetent patients get epithelioid cell granulomas, which undergo what change in H. capsulatum infections?

A

Caseous necrosis –> consolidation –> fibrosis and calcification (tree-bark appearance)

63
Q

True or False: epitheloid granulomas are formed in fulminant disseminated histoplasmosis in IC pts.

A

FALSE. instead, focal accumulation of mononucelar phagocytes filled with fungal yeasts appear throughout the body

64
Q

Where is Blastocyces dermatitidis found?

A

central and southwestern US

65
Q

What is the reservoir for B. dermatitidis?

A

soil

66
Q

What are the Sx to pulmonary blastomycosis?

A

abrupt illness with infection-like Sx,

upper lobe involvement, consolidation, multilobar infiltrates, perihilar infiltrates, multiple nodules

67
Q

What type of things are formed in the lungs from B. dermatitidis?

A

Suppurative granulomas

68
Q

How does B. dermatitidis divide?

A

Broad based budding (BBB) yeast, thick wall, multiple nuclei

69
Q

Where is coccidioides immitis found?

A

Southwest US and Mexico

70
Q

How do u get coccidioides immitis?

A

Inhale the spores

71
Q

What are the Sx to coccidioides immitis infections?

A

most are asymptomatic, some involve lung lesions, fever, cough, and pleuritic chest pains, with erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme

72
Q

What is the morphology of coccidioides immitis in macrophages or giant cells in the lugns?

A

thick-walled
nonbudding
filled with small endospores

73
Q

HIV+ individuals with CD4+ counts >200 cells/mm3 are at risk for what 2 types of infections?

A

Bacterial and tubercular

74
Q

HIV+ individuals with CD4+ counts <200 cells/mm3 are at risk for which type of infection?

A

Pneumocystis PNA

75
Q

HIV+ individuals with CD4+ counts < 50 cells/mm3 are at risk for what 2 types of infections?

A

CMV and Mycobacterium avium

Respiratory 2 (7 decks)

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