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Flashcards in Qualitative 4- Data Analysis Deck (15)
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1
Q

What is the first thing to do to allow analysis for qualitative data?

A
  • Turn the data into a usable format for data analysis. E.g. audio-recordings, interviews and focus groups will all need to be turned into text.
  • Artwork will need to be described and summarised
2
Q

What are the factors that will influence the decisions the researchers make about who carries out the transcriptions?

A
o Time 
o Cost 
o Resources and skills available
o Data security 
o The nature of the recording 
o Impact on the data analysis process
3
Q

The nature of the recording influences who transcribes it, why?

A

o If the recording involves complex terms there should be a person who is familiar with the terminology transcribing.
o The researcher should also consider the potential impact of the transcriber as it can be distressing- these should not be given to external transcribers.
o The researcher will also decide if all or just some parts of the recordings are transcribed- one risk is that appropriate data may be overlooked.
o The researcher should also decide which convention should be used before the process commences.

4
Q

What is the purpose of analysing qualitative data?

A
  • The purpose of qualitative data analysis is to understand the meaning and to provide an accurate portrayal of that meaning for others.
5
Q

How can qualitative data be analysed?

A
  • There is no definitive method of analysing qualitative data- there are a number of strategies and framework that exists. However, some frameworks are criticised for being too restrictive.
  • Data analysis for qualitative data is an iterative process- the researcher engages in a ‘conversation’ with the data in order to understand and interpret.
  • The ultimate aim is to make sense of the data and present the researcher’s interpretation without losing the essence of the data.
  • Findings from qualitative research can differ but still be similar if being interpreted by two people. This potential strengthens the research.
6
Q

What are the principles of qualitative data analysis?

A

o Breaking down the data into manageable pieces
o Reviewing and organising the data
o Building the data into manageable portions so the findings can be reported.

7
Q

What should the researcher keep to document the data collection and analysis process?

A

Audit trial or diary

8
Q

What are the key questions that researchers should be thinking about ?

A

o What stands out here?
o What are my initial thoughts about this?
o What surprises me about this?
o What is unexpected about this?

9
Q

How can qualitative data be organised?

A

-Qualitative may be small samples but can create a lot of data so researchers need to decide how to organise the data:
oLong table approach
o A paper cope of the data set can be cut into sections of text, each of which represents a code.
oSoftware packages
oCodes- they are assigned to portions of the text. Researcher can justify the decisions they made.

10
Q

What are the methods of qualitative data analysis?

A

-When analysing qualitative data, more than one strategy can be used.

Thematic analysis
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)
Conversation analysis 
Disclosure analysis
Content analysis
11
Q

What is thematic analysis

A
  • ¬using this method, text is coded into broad or key themes and sub-themes.
  • The process begins with the researcher reading and re-reading- inorder to be familiar with the data.
  • The transcript is coded from start to finish
  • The researcher then begins to form these codes into themes with each theme capturing the essence of the data.
  • Gradually, the researcher begins to make sense of the similarities, differences, links, patterns and contraindications.
  • A framework of hierarchy is formed.
  • As analysis continues the researcher will spend time amending the theme. Until there are around 4-6 broad themes.
  • When the researcher writes up the findings, each theme should be described with excerpts of the data used as illustrations.
  • CHECKLIST: Transcription  Coding  Analysis  Writing report
12
Q

What is IPA

A
  • It is an approach to analyse data commonly used in phenomenological studies.
  • The researcher actively draws on their prior knowledge and experiences when interpreting data.
  • Prints of the data: left hand side codes and right hand side analysis.
13
Q

What is conversation analysis?

A
  • Analysing natural occurring everyday conversations rather than more formal interviews.
  • Also interested in how the participant say things:
    o Echoing
    o Repetition
    o Pauses and gaps
    o Innotation and emphasis
    o Overall structure of the dialogue
  • Detailed and accurate transcription is needed to ensure conversation analysis is undertaken accurately.
14
Q

What is disclosure analysis?

A
  • Aims to understand any communication between people.

- Body-posture, eye contact and non-verbal communication.

15
Q

What is content analysis?

A
  • Can be used for both research methods
  • Top down approach
  • The researcher decides the themes before data analysis begins.