Quiz 1 Neuroanatomy review

Question 1

Apraxia of speech is characterized by muscle weakness.

Answer 1

FALSE

Question 2

Bundles of axons, as found in the CNS, are called…

Answer 2

Tracts

Question 3

Higher cognitive activities like language, motor planning, problem-solving and sensory perception are performed in…

Answer 3

The cerebral cortex

Question 4

How many pairs of cranial nerves and spinal nerves are there in the PNS?

Answer 4

12 CNs and 31 SNs

Question 5

It is believed that the ______ has an important role in refining slow/continuous movements whereas _______ is important for rapid movements and timing coordination of movements.

Answer 5

Basal ganglia; Cerebellum

Question 6

Lack of dopamine would cause damage to the basal ganglia with excessive excitation, resulting in muscle rigidity, gait disturbance, and difficulty initiating movements.

Answer 6

True.

Question 7

Representation of the tongue is located in the superior portion of the primary cortex.

Answer 7

False.

Question 8

Spinal nerves are least important for speech production because they only provide innervation to the limbs.

Answer 8

False - important for respiration which is a part of speech.

Question 9

The brainstem is inferior to the thalamus

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The CNS consists of….

Answer 10

Brain and spinal cord.

Question 11

The cerebellum play a role in motor programming.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Control circuits are responsible for integrating and controlling movement and don’t have direct synapses with the motor neurons in the brainstem.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The control circuits in the basal ganglia and cerebellum link the association cortex with the…

Answer 13

Primary cortex.

Question 14

The Mayo approach of classifying dysarthria was based on perceptual and acoustic methods via neuroimaging studies.

Answer 14

False.

Question 15

The nervous system is divided into the

Answer 15

CNS and PNS.

Question 16

The primary motor cortex is located in the…..

Answer 16

Precentral gyrus.

Question 17

Spinal nerves play an important role in speech production because they provide motor innervations for the muscles of ____.

Answer 17

Respiration.

Question 18

The 3 primary components of neurons are:

Answer 18

Cell Body, Dendrites and axon.

Question 19

What are the most important cells of the nervous system?

Answer 19

Neurons

Question 20

What are the 6 CNs associated with speech production?

Answer 20

Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and Hypoglossal

Question 21

What CN’s neurons are closely integrated with those of the vagus nerve?

Answer 21

Accessory

Question 22

What do dendrites do?

Answer 22

Recieve electrochemical impulses from other neurons or from sensory organs

Question 23

What is the most important function of the cerebellum?

Answer 23

Coordinates voluntary movements, contracting muscles with correct force and at the appropriate time.

Question 24

What neural structures are associated with motor programming?

Answer 24

Basal ganglia, cerebellum, premotor and association cortices.

Question 25

What structures are parts of the control circuits?

Answer 25

Basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and other subcortical structures.

Question 26

Which CN has three branches, each having a special importance for speech production?

Answer 26

Vagus

Question 27

Which CN is crucial for pitch change?

Answer 27

CN X - superior laryngeal branch

Question 28

Which CN originates in the brainstem at the medulla and courses out of the pharynx, where it innervates the stylopharyngeus and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, which help elevate and the opening of the upper pharynx?

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal

Question 29

Which lobe of the brain is the main executive center?

Answer 29

Frontal lobe

Question 30

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex plays a major role in motor planning?

Answer 30

Frontal Lobe

Question 31

The initial planning of a voluntary movement is formulated primarily in the association cortex

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The primary cortex is an actual action commander

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

What structures make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 33

Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus

Question 34

Which structure is described as a doorway through which the subcortical systems of the nervous system communicate with the cerebral cortex?

Answer 34

The thalamus

Question 35

Which structure plays an important role in the initial planning of voluntary movements?

Answer 35

Association Cortex

Question 36

With bilateral damage, what nerve can have serious effect on articulation because the pt. cannot raise their jaw sufficiently to produce most consonant and vowel phonemes, particularly those requiring bilabial, linguadental and linguopalatal contact.

Answer 36

Trigeminal