Quiz 2 Flashcards Preview

HOD 2700 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Quiz 2 Deck (33)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

The Eightfold Path

A
  1. Define the problem
  2. Assemble some evidence
  3. Construct the alternatives
  4. Select the criteria
  5. Project the outcomes
  6. Confront the trade-offs
  7. Make a decision
  8. Tell your story
2
Q

Generic Report Format

A
  1. Executive summary
  2. Introduction
  3. Background
  4. Goals
  5. Alternatives
  6. Evaluation
  7. Recommendation
3
Q

BLUF

A

bottom line up front; idea that you want to get your most important information in early

4
Q

Tables

A

contains lots of complex data; Descriptive title, Accurate labels, Source information, Notes describing any variations in the data

5
Q

Line Graphs

A

Used for time series data

6
Q

Bar Diagrams

A

used for cross-sectional data

7
Q

pie charts

A

Used for data that is a fraction of a total

8
Q

maps

A

Geographic data; good to have compass and scale on the map

9
Q

Components of Problem Analysis

A
  1. Define the problem
  2. Measure the problem (operationalize)
  3. Determine the extent or magnitude
  4. Set goals or objectives
  5. Determine what can be done
10
Q

Dimensions of Problem

A
  1. Causation: What causes a problem?
  2. Scope: How big a problem?
  3. Tractability: How difficult to fix?
  4. Severity: How serious a problem? How serious of consequences?
11
Q

Sources of Evidence

A

Surveys, Library, Books, Journals, Magazines, Newspapers, Internet, Think tanks and academic sources, Government agencies, Private firms, Newspapers, Interested individuals, Stakeholders, people affected by public policy, lobbyists, bill sponsors on legislation related to the topic, academics,

12
Q

Criteria

A
  1. Efficiency
  2. Equality
  3. Equity
  4. Adequacy
  5. Effectiveness
  6. Political viability
  7. Administrative operability
  8. Legality
13
Q

Cost-benefit Analysis

A

If able to put dollar amounts on costs and benefits over time, about just adjusting future values on today’s dollars

14
Q

Cost-effective analysis

A

compares the relative costs and outcomes of different courses of action

15
Q

Risk assessment

A

Assignment dollar values to the probabilities

16
Q

Single Factor Projection

A

What you’ll probably use if you’re going to track a trend across time if have sufficient number of years and pretty linear and not expecting shock to disrupt trend and if don’t have resources to do more or understanding of causal factors

17
Q

Intervention Points

A

Each opportunity to apply a solution is an intervention point

18
Q

Efficiency

A

Output for dollar; How much you’re getting for what you’re spending

19
Q

Equality

A

Treating people the same? Equal opportunities? - Usually refers to equality of outcomes

20
Q

Equity

A

Fairness (process, outcomes, outputs) (Subjective term)

21
Q

Adequacy

A

Doing enough, Solves problem

22
Q

Effectiveness

A

Is it doing what we wanted it to do? Doesn’t necessarily solve the problem

23
Q

Political Viability

A

measure policy or program outcomes in terms of impact on relevant power groups; whether one or more alternatives is acceptable or can be made acceptable to the relevant groups of decision makers

24
Q

Administrative Operability

A

Is the current administrative system capable of delivering the policy or program?

25
Q

Legality

A

A feasible policy must not violate constitutional, statutory, or common law rights. Remember, however, that legal rights are constantly changing and are often ambiguous

26
Q

Delphi Technique

A

Developed to bring systematic, unbiased reasoning process to subjective group forecasting; trying to overcome groupthink

27
Q

Causal Prediction

A

causal models that link a dependent variable with several independent variables

28
Q

Judgmental projection

A

With complex issues and a lack of knowledge, possible that no one expert will be able to project the future so use judgmental methods to draw upon the wisdom of multiple experts (Reference expertise, Delphi Technique, FAT)

29
Q

Levels of Measurement

A
  • Nominal (in or out)
  • Ordinal (Rank matters)
  • Interval (Differences matter)
  • Ratio (includes zero)
30
Q

Sensitivity Analysis

A

How big a mistake can I afford in this assumption?

The smaller the mistake you can afford, the more sensitive your analysis

31
Q

Ranking

A

A basic method for assigning importance to various criteria; limited functionality

32
Q

Weighting

A

Allows a more refined comparison of the relative importance of the criteria

33
Q

Monetize

A

put money value on alternatives/criteria to see which will cost less to government