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Flashcards in Quiz 3 Deck (47)
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1
Q

The larger the gradient, the _____ the water movement

A

faster

2
Q

Evaporation = most water loss by ______ organisms

A

terrestrial

3
Q

What happens to the gradient as moisture is added to the air?

A

less pronounced

4
Q

Where should evaporative coolers work best?

A

warm, dry climates

5
Q

What is Relative Humidity?

A

Water Vapor Density / Saturation Water Vapor Density x 100

6
Q

Amount of water vapor/ volume of air

A

Water Vapor Density

7
Q

In the _______, the air at the surface of the planet can hold a lot of water vapor (_______ saturation water vapor density) because the air is ______ in temperature.

A

tropics high warm

8
Q

What should a beetle do on a hot day to avoid evaporative water loss?

A

hide fam, just hide

9
Q

Greater % water in freshwater or ocean?

A

freshwater

10
Q

Isosmotic

A

same osmolarity as

11
Q

Hyperosmotic

A

tissue has higher concentration of solute than enviornment [fish is in hypotonic solution]

12
Q

Hyposmotic

A

tissue has lower concentration of solute than environment [fish is in hypertonic solution]

13
Q

Water movement between Soils and Plants moves down a _______ ________ _______.

A

Water potential gradient

14
Q

Water potential (Ψ(psi)) = ________

A

capacity of water to perform work.

15
Q

Water potential relates to water’s ability/likelihood to a. evaporate b. move c. enter the roots d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

16
Q

in nature Ψ is usually…

A

negative

17
Q

2 major challenges for organisms on land:

A
  • evaporative loss
  • reduced acess to replacement
18
Q

Animal’s internal water (Wia) = _______ - ________

A

Input sources

losses

19
Q

Osmosis, drinking, absorbing and metabolism are examples of what?

A

water gain

20
Q

Root development increases with ____ water availability

A

low

21
Q

Wide, shallow roots facilitate water collection from ________

A

heavy, infrequent rainfall

22
Q

How do Dune plants grow vs. non-dune plants?

A
  • both grow with water
  • When unwatered, however, dune plants grew large roots, but non-dune plants show poor growth
23
Q

What are the 2 ways organisms combat water scarcity?

A
  1. water acquisition
  2. water conservation
24
Q

How do waxy tree frogs conserve water?

A

secrete a fatty, waterproof covering

25
Q

How do lizards conserve water?

A

concentrate urine/ feces

scales

26
Q

How do cactus prevent water loss?

A
  • spikes to prevent getting eaten [which loses water]
  • having thick leaves [low SA/V ratio]
  • grow up [reduced sun exposure vs. growing wider]
27
Q

Organisms are classified by ________ levels.

A

trophic

28
Q

Inorganic sources of carbon and energy

A

autotroph

29
Q

Photosynthetic

A
  • Carbon source: inorganic molecules
  • Energy source: sunlight
30
Q

Chemosynthetic

A
  • carbon source:
  • energy source:
31
Q

What is the difference between trophic level and food web?

A
  • Trophic level
    • where organism falls in food chain
  • Food web
    • better for looking into energy transfer in a population
32
Q

Prokaryotes are what level of tropic breakdown?

A

Heterotrophic

Photosynthetic

Chemosynthetic

33
Q

Protists are what types of trophic?

A

Heterotrophic

Photosynthetic

34
Q

Plants are what types of trophic?

A

Mostly photosynthetic

Some heterosynthetic

35
Q

Fungi are what types of trophic?

A

heterotrophic

36
Q

Animals are what types of trophic?

A

heterotrophic

37
Q

Particle of light that bears energy?

A

photon

38
Q

Light propagates through space as a _______-

A

wave

39
Q

UV have _____ wavelength _____ energy

A

short

high

40
Q

Infrared have _____ wavelength, ______ energy

A

long

low

41
Q

Photosynthetic active radiation is between:

A

400 and 700 nanometers

42
Q

About ___% of light is absorbed

A

10

43
Q

C3 plants

  • ?
  • ?
  • ?
  • ?

*look up more info.

A

lil bitches

44
Q

C4 plants

  • where found?
  • sugar?
  • # stomata?
  • how do they do metabolism different?

*look up more info.

A
  • Warm, sunny enviornments
  • Makes a 4-carbon sugar
  • Few; conserves water
  • PEP and diffusion and stuff
45
Q

CAM plants

  • Where found?
  • What does CAM stand for?
  • When is carbon fixation?
  • Photosynth. rates?

*look up more info.

A
  • Arid/ semi-arid enviornments
  • Crassulacan Acid Metabolism
  • Carbon fixation takes place at night, to reduce water loss
  • Low rates of photosynthesis
46
Q

Organisms that live on the sea floor are often _______.

A

chemosynthetic

47
Q

Where can heterosynthetic bacteria live deep in the ocean?

A

in invertebrates

free-living