Quiz 3 P2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Quiz 3 P2 Deck (24)
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1
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease of children

A

Genetic, associated with nonproduction of free radicals by phagocytic cells, live no more than 2 years due to bacterial infection

2
Q

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

A

Genetic, absence of normal motility and the de-granulation of Phagocytic cells. children do not live more than two years and die due to bacterial infection

3
Q

Histamine

A

Most common mediator of inflammation. Majority is located in the mast cells, loss of granules
Basophils and platelets are some sources

4
Q

Functions of histamine

A

Vasodilation
increased permeability of blood vessels
bronchospasm
increase production of mucus by mucous glands in the bronchospasm

5
Q

Degranulation

A

Opening of granules

6
Q

Cause of mast cell degranulation

A

Physical injury/trauma (direct contact or exposure to temperature)
Type one hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylotoxins C3a, C5a (stimulate degranulation of mast cells)
Neuropeptides (substance P)
Cytokines IL-1, IL-8

7
Q

Serotonin

A

Mediator of inflammation located in platelets
found a mast cells of rodents, but not humans
Mimics action of histamine, increased permeability of blood vessels

8
Q

Substance P

A

Increased permeability of post capillary venules
Neuropeptide
Produced in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
Found in the lungs and G.I. tract
Promotion of pain signal
regulates endocrine balance

9
Q

Defects of leukocyte function

A

Chronic granulomatous disease of children

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

10
Q

Nitric oxide

A

A.k.a. endothelium derived relaxing Factor
Produced by endothelial cells and also macrophages and brain tissue
Vasodilator
Cellular component of inflammation
Inhibition of leukocyte recruitment

11
Q

Eicosanoids

A

Products of arachidonic acid (AA)

12
Q

PGD2

A

Produced in mast cells
bronchospasm (asthma)
Inhibition of hair growth especially in males

13
Q

PGE2

A

Hyperalgesia, pain
Fever
Uterine contraction
And relaxation of cervix during labor, miscarriage

14
Q

PGF2 alpha

A

Corpus luteum –> Luteolysis –> stops production of progesterone –> induces labor, miscarriage

15
Q

COX – 1 inhibitor

A

Inhibition of Proto glands production, regular exchange of salt and water. Examples: ibuprofen (Advil), Aleve (naproxen), aspirin, and Indomethacin

16
Q

COX – 2 inhibitor

A

Vioxx – very weak, result in death can cause myocardial infarction
Celebrex
meloxicam

17
Q

Tumor necrosis factor

A

Kills tumors

Plays important role of inflammation along side with interleukins - 1&6

18
Q

Acute phase responses for tumor necrosis factor

A
Fever
decreased appetite
increased sleep
increase acute phase proteins (ex. C-RP)(follow degree of inflammation and body)
hemodynamic effects (shock)
neutrophilia (due to inflammation)
19
Q

Plasma derived mediators of information

A

Blood contains various components of biochemical cascades

The mediators in plasma produce a cascade - when one is activated it will activate the rest

20
Q

Hageman factor (clotting factor)

A
Leads to activation of four Cascades:
Coagulation cascade 
fibrinolytic cascade
complement cascade
Kinin cascade
21
Q

Coagulation cascade

A

Homeostasis – prevention of blood loss

22
Q

Fibrinolytic cascade

A

Prevents too much formation of blood clot

23
Q

Complement cascade

A

Important promoter of hemolytic reaction – fragments = C3a – C5a – C4a

24
Q

Kinin cascade

A

Only one for mediation of inflammation