quiz 6 ch 18 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in quiz 6 ch 18 Deck (32)
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1
Q

trophic dynamic view of energy flow

A

energy transfer w/in ecosystem

2
Q

concept of energy transfer

A

group organism w/in ecosystem

3
Q

Raymond Lindeman trophic dynamic

A

ecosystem =fundamental to study energy transfer.

as energy is transferred from one trophic level to another energy is degraded

4
Q

energy degradation due to

A

limited assimilation
consumer respiration
heat production

5
Q

energy distribution is appears like

A

a pyramid

6
Q

10 % rule

A

only 10 % energy in trophic level is passed to next level

7
Q

James Gosz: solar energy flow in temperate deciduous forest

A
15 % reflected 
41% converted to heat 
42% absorbed by evapotranspiration 
2.2% fixed by plant as gross primary production 
1.2% plant respiration 
1% primary production
8
Q

too much energy loss can lead to

A

insufficient energy to support next trophic level

9
Q

primary production

A

energy fixation by autotrophs in ecosystem

10
Q

rate of primary production

A

amount of fixed energy over period of time

11
Q

gross primary production

A

total amount of energy fixed by autotrophs

12
Q

net primary production

A

amount of leftover energy after autotrophs met their metabolic needs

13
Q

annual actual evapotranspiration

A

amount of water that evaporates and transpires off landscape annually

14
Q

Annual actual evapotranspiration of cold dry ecosystems

A

low

15
Q

net primary production and annual actual evapotranspiration

A

positive

16
Q

differences in soil fertility explains

A

variation in terrestrial primary production

17
Q

shaver and Chapin

A

arctic net primary production was 2x as high on fertilized plots than unfertilized plots

18
Q

Bowman

A

N = main nutrient limiting net primary production in dry tundra meadow.
N and P limit production in wet meadow

19
Q

nutrient availability controls

A

rate of primary production in freshwater ecosystem

20
Q

high rates of primary production by marine phytoplankton are concentrated in

A

areas with higher levels of nutrient availability like continental margins

21
Q

nutrient availability of open oceans

A

poo dur to vertical mixing of main nutrient source

22
Q

graneli

A

rate of primary production in Baltic Sea is nutrient limited
increased nutrients = increases chlorophyll concentrations
N = limited nutrient

23
Q

residual variation

A

proportion of variation not explained by independent variable

24
Q

dillon and Rigler

A

environmental factors other than nutrient availability influence phytoplankton biomass

25
Q

bottom up controls

A

influence physical and chemical factors of ecosystem

26
Q

top - down control

A

influence consumers

27
Q

carpenter

A

piscivores and planktivorous fish can cause deviation in primary productivity

28
Q

carpenter and kitchell

A

trophic cascade hypothesis.
reduced planktovirous fish populations led to reduced rates of primary production.
absent planktivorous minnows predaceous invertebrates become more numerous.
large herbivorous zooplankton, phytoplankton biomass and rate of primary production declined

29
Q

trophic cascade hypothesis

A

consumers on lake primary productivity propagate through food webs

30
Q

Mc Naughton

A

Serengeti grazers consume 66% annual primary production.
positively correlates with rainfall quantity.
grazers can increase primary production.
light grazing = insufficient to produce compensatory growth.
heavy grazing reduce plant capacity to recover

31
Q

compensatory growth

A

lower respiration rate due to lower biomass
reduce self- shading
improve water balance due to reduced leaf area

32
Q

ecological efficiency

A

percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the one above