Random Dermatology Questions Flashcards Preview

Megan's Private Decks > Random Dermatology Questions > Flashcards

Flashcards in Random Dermatology Questions Deck (76)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What parasite causes American trypanosomiasis? What is it’s vector?

A
  • Trypanosoma cruzi
  • Reduviid insects (kissing bugs)
2
Q

The image below represents keratin debris located superficially in the conjunctiva. What is this called? What condition is it associated with?

A
  • Bitot’s spots
  • Vitamin A deficiency
3
Q

The image below depicts retinal phakomas (astrocytic retinal hamartomas) which are present in the minority of patients with this condition:

A

Tuberous sclerosis

*These usually don’t require treatment because they don’t affect vision

**There are three types of retinal phakomas; one type is referred to as the “mulberry lesion”

4
Q

List the four disorders that fall under the spectrum of keratosis pilaris atrophicans.

A
  • Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei (ulerythema ophryogenes)
  • Atrophoderma vermiculatum
  • Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans
  • Folliculitis spinulosa decalvans

*Image: cheek of a boy with atrophoderma vermiculatum (“wormlike atrophy of the skin”)

5
Q

What is the eponymous syndrome that refers to the chronic granulomatous conjunctivitis and pre-auricular adenopathy that occurs with cat scratch disease of the eye?

A

Oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud

6
Q

What is the name of the skin test for cat scratch disease?

A

Hanger and Rose test

*Note this is rarely used because the diagnosis of cat scratch disease is usually made clinically.

7
Q

Glomeruloid hemangioma can be seen in healthy patients, but is also known to be associated with several conditions. List four disease associations.

*Image: dilated capillaries within a lumen, simulating the appearance of a renal glomerulus.

A
  1. POEMS syndrome
  2. Castleman disease
  3. ITP
  4. Sjogren’s syndrome
8
Q

What type of gammopathy is erythema elevatum diutinum associated with?

A

IgA gammopathy

*Note: recurrent strep infections can also flare the disease

9
Q

List seven diseases that erythema elevatum diutinum has been associated with.

A
  1. HIV infection
  2. SLE
  3. Sjogren’s
  4. Lymphoma
  5. Breast cancer
  6. Dermatitis herpetiformis
  7. Celiac disease
10
Q

What is the name for an acquired unilateral nevus of Ota?

A

Sun’s nevus

11
Q

What organism causes tinea nigra?

A

Hortaea werneckii

12
Q

This disease is characterized by small white to pinkish papules that occur diffusely in the oral cavity. It occurs most commonly in Native Americans, in Greenland, and in Turkey and HPV-13, 24, and 32 have been associated.

A

Heck’s disease

*Note: the lesions may spontaneously resolve.

**Note: treatment options include cryosurgery, CO2 laser, electrosurgery, and topical (β), intralesional, and systemic IFN.

13
Q

Erythema palmare is usually most marked on the hypothenar areas, and is associated with elevated levels of estrogen. What are the three most common causes of elevated estrogen in this condition?

A
  1. Hepatic cirrhosis
  2. Hepatic metastases
  3. Pregnancy
14
Q

How often does erythema multiforme minor involve the mucosa?

A

About 25% of the time, and generally only the oral mucosa

15
Q

How long do the episodes of erythema multiforme minor typically last?

A

1-4 weeks

16
Q

Other than HSV, what infection is commonly associated with erythema multiforme minor and SJS?

A

Mycoplasma infections

17
Q

What percentage of cases of erythema gyratum repens is associated with internal malignancy? What is the most commonly implicated malignancy?

A
  • 80%
  • Lung cancer
18
Q

By what time period dose erythema gyratum repens usually preceed the associated malignancy (if there is one)?

A

By about 9 months! All patients with erythema gyratum repense should be extensively investigated for malignancy

19
Q

What HPV type is associated with giant condylomas of Buschke and Lowenstein?

A

HPV6

*Giant condylomas of Buschke and Lowenstein are virally induced verrucous carcinomas. Not all verrucous carcinomas are virally induced.

20
Q

What is the name of the sign where a pilomatricoma is stretched, revealing many facets and angles?

A

Tent sign

21
Q

List four diseases that are associated with mulitple pilomatricomas.

A
  1. Myotonic dystrophy
  2. Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
  3. Trisomy 9
  4. Turner syndrome

*Note: rarely multiple pilomatricomas will be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with no disease associations.

22
Q

What disease is associated with epidermoid cysts that show pilomatrical differentiation?

A

Gardner syndrome

23
Q

What word describes “split ends” (i.e. splitting of hairs at the ends)?

A

Trichoptilosis

24
Q

What type of monoclonal gammopathy has been associated with pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

IgA gammopathy (10% of patients)

25
Q

What is the eponymn associated with hereditary angioedema?

A

Quincke edema

26
Q

What type of gammopathy is associated with Schnitzler syndrome?

A

IgM gammoptahy

*Note: the associated urticaria tends to be non-pruritic. There is also fever and disabling bone pain.

27
Q

Can antihistamines suppress dermatographism?

A

Yes; the addition of an H2 blocker, such as ranitidine, can also be helpful

28
Q

True or false: in patients with cholinergic urticaria, there’s typically a 24 hour refractory period after an episode of urticaria.

A

True

29
Q

Tay syndrome is also known as:

A

Congenital ichthyosis with trichothiodystrophy

30
Q

Which antibiotic in the tetracycline family is the most photosensitizing?

A

Demeclocycline

31
Q

Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome is also known as:

A

Dermatofibrosis lenticularis

32
Q

What antibody has been associated with mechanic’s hands seen in dermatomyositis?

A

Antisynthetase antibody; 70% of patients with this antibody have mechanic’s hands

33
Q

What is the target for anti-Jo-1 antibodies?

A

Histadyl tRNA synthetase

34
Q

Which drug can cause a rash that closely mimics the rash associated with dermatomyositis?

A

Hydroxyurea

35
Q

Interstitial lung disease is often the cause of death in dermatomyositis. What antibody is associated with pulmonary findings?

A

Anti-Jo-1 and other anti-synthetase antibodies such as anti-PL7 and anti-PL12

36
Q

What are the two eponymously named childhood forms of dermatomyositis?

A

Brunsting (steroid responsive, more common type) and Banker (steroid unresponsive, high death rate)

37
Q

Which antibody is associated with a favorable prognosis in dermatomyositis?

A

Anti-Mi-2 antibody

38
Q

What are the two types of systemic scleroderma?

A

Progressive systemic sclerosis and Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome (CREST syndrome)

39
Q

This lesion tends to occur on the upper legs of young women. It’s considered a small-cell variant of Spitz nevi.

A

Pigmented spindle cell nevus

40
Q

True or false: clefts are present in pigmented spindle cell nevi, just like in Spitz nevi.

A

True

41
Q

What type of special-location nevus can show poorly cohesive nests?

A

Genital skin nevi

42
Q

True or false: buckshot scatter is common in acral nevi, and does not represent a malignant feature.

A

True

43
Q

Name this nevus that can mimic malignant melanoma (note: there is cytologic atypia, no mitoses, and no expansile growth pattern).

A

Ancient nevus

*Note: it’s named for its resemblance to ancient schwanommas

**Note: it’s usually comprised of two populations of cells: large pleomorphic melanocytes and small melanocytes

44
Q

Name this nevus (note: there are lymphocytes intermingled among the nevus cells, like people would intermingle at a cocktail party).

A

Halo nevus

45
Q

Name this pigmented lesion (note the wedge shape and sclerotic stroma).

A

Blue nevus

46
Q

Name this lesion (note: there’s a lymphoid band at the periphery of a melanocytic lesion, “like riot police trying to hold back a crowd of people”; there is no intermingling of lymphocytes within the melanocytes).

A

Melanoma

47
Q

What type of blue nevus is this (note the dendritic melanocytes and sclerotic stroma).

A

Common blue nevus

48
Q

What type of blue nevus will have epitheliod melanocytes?

A

A cellular blue nevus

49
Q

This type of blue nevus is a variant of cellular blue nevus, but lacks the sclerotic stroma. This type of blue nevus is seen in the CARNEY complex.

A

Epithelioid blue nevus

50
Q

This type of blue nevus often has fingerlike projections deep in the dermis and small, smudged, hyperchromatic nuclei.

A

Deep penetrating nevus

51
Q

Where are collagen I, II, and III found?

A
  1. Collagen I: mature skin, bone, and tendons
  2. Collagen II: cartilage
  3. Collagen III: fetal skin, blood vessels
52
Q

Where is collagen IV and VII found?

A
  • Collagen IV: basement membrane
  • Collagen VII: anchoring fibrils of the basement membrane
53
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi is the most common cause of lyme disease in American. What is the most common cause in Europe? What is the cutaneous manifestation of this berreliosis that occurs in 10% of European patients with lyme disease (hint: it affects acral skin)?

A
  • Borrelia afzelii
  • Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
54
Q

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans is also eponymously known as:

A

Herxheimer disease

55
Q

If an autoimmune blistering disorder targets desmoglein 1, where will the split occur histologically?

A

In the granular layer

56
Q

List the four types of localized lichen myxedematosus.

A
  1. Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus
  2. Acral persistent papular mucinosis
  3. Self-healing papular mucinosis
  4. Papular mucinosis of infancy
57
Q

Keloidal blastomycosis is also known as:

A

Lobomycosis

58
Q

What is the eponymous name for angiosarcoma in the setting of an lymphedematous limb?

A

Stewart-Treves syndrome

59
Q

In which condition is the “hanging curtain” sign seen?

A

Pityriasis rosea; it occurs when the scaly plaque is stretched, and the scale folds across the line of stretch

60
Q

What oral drug has been show (in one small study) to improve the itch and duration of rash in pityriasis rosea?

A

Oral erythromycin

*UVB can also be used to speed the disappearance of lesions, after the inflammatory phase has passed

61
Q

What demographic is particularly susceptible to papular pityriasis rosea?

A

Children, especially black children

62
Q

True or false: pityriasis rosea can be very dangerous for pregnant women.

A

True; it can lead to premature delivery and fetal loss, especially in the first trimester

63
Q

What three features define Naxos syndrome?

A

Palmoplantar keratoderma, wooly hair, and cardiomyopathy

64
Q

Name the condition characterized by white spots that appear on the palms and then gradually extend peripherally to involve the whole hand. The condition is asymptomatic and often occurs in patients with a history of atopic dermatitis.

A

Keratolysis exfoliativa

65
Q

Name the condition characterized by multiple depressions in the palmar creases filled with comedo-like keratinous plugs. This condition occurs most commonly in black patients.

A

Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases

66
Q

Name this condition.

A

“Music box” spine keratoderma, a variant of punctate keratoses of the palms and soles

67
Q

List three tuberculid reactions (i.e. Id reactions) seen in TB.

A
  1. Erythema induratum
  2. Lichen scrufulosorum
  3. Papulonecrotic tuberculid
68
Q

In angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry’s disease), what is the enzyme that’s deficient? What accumulates as a result?

A
  • Alpha-galactosidase A
  • Neutral glycosphingolipid ceramide trihexose

*Note: this disorder is X-linked recessive

69
Q

Use the mneumonic “PEPSI LiTe” to come up with a differential for angiod streaks (breaks in Bruch’s membrane).

A

“PEPSI LiTe”

  • Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
  • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
  • Penicillamine/Padget’s disease of the bone
  • Sickle-cell anemia
  • Increased Phosphate
  • Lead poisoning
  • Thalassemia
70
Q

What’s the diagnosis? Hint: this rare autosomal recessive condition presents in infancy with a hoarse cry. It’s due to a mutation in extracellular matrix protein 1.

A

Lipoid proteinosis

71
Q

What’s the condition called where follicular vesiculopustules form on the scalp, which rupture easilty and dry up after a few days? What’s it called if large scars are left behind?

A
  • Acne miliaris necrotica
  • Acne varioliformis

*Note: in some patients, especially those that manipulate their lesions, S. aureus may be cultured.

72
Q

What’s the eponymously named condition in which a patient with rosacea develops prominent woody edema of the skin?

A

Morbihan’s disease

73
Q

What’s the eponymously named sign for fraying of the cuticles seen in dermatomyositis?

A

Samitz sign

74
Q

What gene is mutated in Naxos syndrome?

A

Plakoglobin

75
Q

True or false: quinidine, sulfonlyureas, and griseofulvin are all known to cause photosensitivity.

A

True

76
Q

What two types of HPV are known to cause “Butcher nodules”?

A

HPV 2 and 7