Rapid Review - Classic Presentations (2) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Rapid Review - Classic Presentations (2) Deck (30)
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1
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)

2
Q

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

3
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

4
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

5
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)

6
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

7
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

8
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

9
Q

Fat, female, forty, and fertile

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

10
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

11
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles

12
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

13
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)

14
Q

Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)

15
Q

Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)

16
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk, mainly GI)

17
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

18
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

19
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

20
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

21
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

22
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

“Blue bloater” (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)

23
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful: chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum)

Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

24
Q

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

25
Q

Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

26
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly

A

Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)

27
Q

Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect

A

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

28
Q

Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder

A

Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

29
Q

Large rash with bull’s-eye appearance

A

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)

30
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)

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