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Flashcards in Regenerative Medicine - Bemis Deck (9)
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1
Q

What happens in CNS regeneration?

A

No axonal regeneration

  • axonal injury happens
  • macrophages are unable to clear debris because they cannot cross BBB
  • inhibitory molecules released
    • Nogo, Mag, OGmp
  • Glial scar forms
2
Q

What happens in PNS regeneration?

A

Axonal regeneration present!

  • axonal injury occurs
  • macrophages clear debris
  • no inhibitory molecules present
  • extending growth cone appears
    • repairs made, but may not track correctly
3
Q

What three inhibitory proteins are present after CNS axonal damage? What do they do?

A
  • NoGo
  • MAG
  • OMgp

Rearrange actin cytoskeleton and bind integrins blocking adhesion.

4
Q

What is the response of PNS neurons to axonal injury?

A
  • Schwann cells detach from axons
    • start proliferating
    • help recruited macrophages clear up cellular/myelin debris
  • Schwann cells express stimulating factors
    • create favorable environment for nerve regrowth towards the target organ
5
Q

What is anterograde degeneration?

A

Dying forward - degeneration distal to the injury

6
Q

What is Wallerian degeneration?

A
  • transection of an axon –> blocking of axoplasmic flow
  • degeneration distal to the injury
  • axonal retraction proximally
7
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A
  • dissolution of the Nissl bodies in the cell body of a neuron due to damage (neuro toxic chemical)
  • cytoplasmic pallor
  • nucleus pushed to the side/edge of cell
8
Q

What are the anticipated advantages of using pluripotent cells for therapeutic intervention in the nervous system?

A
  • Pluripotent cells
    • use mesenchymal stem cells from adipose, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle
    • differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes
    • Improve spinal fusion
9
Q

What are the anticipated advantages of using stem cells for therapeutic intervention in the nervous system?

A
  • Can be injected and form multiple types of cells needed for repair due to pluripotency
  • May be engineered to secrete needed factors for the regeneration process
  • May be monitored for progression of the repair