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Flashcards in Renal Deck (11)
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1
Q

What happens in glomerular nephritis?

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli, mainly immunological

Increased permeability of vessels, loss of protein and blood cells in urine

2
Q

What happens in chronic glomerulonephritis?

A

Damage to intercellular matrix and scarring, leading to chronic renal failure, associated with hypertension

3
Q

Name the 3 features of nephritic syndrome

A

Haematuria, hypertension, acute renal failure with oliguria and uraemia

4
Q

Main features of nephrotic syndrome

A

Marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema (due to reduced oncotic pressure)
Liver tries to counteract hypoproteinaemia by increasing protein production, more coagulation proteins and lipoproteins

5
Q

Features of chronic renal failure

A

Reduced GFR, uraemia, hypocalcaemia (reduced calciterol), anaemia (reduced erythropoetin) and renal osteopathy

6
Q

Name the key features of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Autoimmune disease (commonly women 15-50yrs) with asymmetrical arthritis, lethargy, low grade fever, butterfly rash on cheeks ane nephritic syndrome

7
Q

What goes wrong in SLE?

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Immune complex depostion in capillary walls of IgG-DNA and histones due to defect in apoptosis

8
Q

What are the 2 types of Type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Capillary walla deposition or antigen planted in capillary walls so immune complex forms in situ

9
Q

Name some problems that occur with diabetes mellitus

A

Atherosclerosis, hyaline arteriosclerosis, microangiopathy (thickened BM of capillaries that are more leaky to proteins) can lead to visual defects

10
Q

Give example of autoimmune type II hypersensitivity reaction

A

Good Pasture Syndrome
Nephritis, acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure and haemoptysis
(IgG autoantibodies form glomerular BM)

11
Q

What is seen in chronic interstitial nephritis?

A

Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy

Can be due to cyclosporin or lithium (psychiatry)